一:背景
1. 讲故事
如果你读完前六篇,我相信你对 harmony 的简单使用应该是没什么问题了,现在你处于手拿锤子看谁都是钉子的情况,那这篇我就找高级调试里非常经典的 3个钉子 让大家捶一锤。
二:三大故障案例
1. ConcurrentBag 大集合问题
在高级调试中经常会遇到一类问题就是托管内存暴涨,最终在托管堆上发现了超大的一个集合,windbg 输出如下:- 0:014> !gcroot 028266c9ff30
- HandleTable:
- 0000028262d51328 (strong handle)
- -> 0282675459a0 System.Object[]
- -> 0282675459c8 System.Threading.ThreadLocal<System.Collections.Concurrent.ConcurrentBag<Example_20_1_1.Student>+WorkStealingQueue>+LinkedSlotVolatile[]
- -> 028267545a00 System.Threading.ThreadLocal<System.Collections.Concurrent.ConcurrentBag<Example_20_1_1.Student>+WorkStealingQueue>+LinkedSlot
- -> 028267545a30 System.Collections.Concurrent.ConcurrentBag<Example_20_1_1.Student>+WorkStealingQueue
- -> 028267fe0198 Example_20_1_1.Student[]
- -> 028266c9ff30 Example_20_1_1.Student
- 0:014> !dumpobj /d 28267545a30
- Name: System.Collections.Concurrent.ConcurrentBag`1+WorkStealingQueue[[Example_20_1_1.Student, Example_20_1_1]]
- File: C:\Program Files\dotnet\shared\Microsoft.NETCore.App\8.0.13\System.Collections.Concurrent.dll
- Fields:
- MT Field Offset Type VT Attr Value Name
- 00007fff8fc31188 4000017 18 System.Int32 1 instance 0 _headIndex
- 00007fff8fc31188 4000018 1c System.Int32 1 instance 1000000 _tailIndex
- 00007fff8fe76168 4000019 8 System.__Canon[] 0 instance 0000028267fe0198 _array
- ...
复制代码 从windbg的输出中可以看到ConcurrentBag中有100w条记录,现在我就特别想知道,这个ConcurrentBag的变量是什么,谁在不断的Add操作?这刚好是 harmony 的大显神威之处,由于引用类型的泛型参数统一由__Canon替代,这里我就使用它的基类 object,参考代码如下:- namespace Example_20_1_1
- {
- internal class Program
- {
- static void Main(string[] args)
- {
- var harmony = new Harmony("com.example.threadhook");
- harmony.PatchAll();
- RunWork();
- Console.ReadLine();
- }
- static void RunWork()
- {
- ConcurrentBag<Student> studentBags = new ConcurrentBag<Student>();
- studentBags.Add(new Student() { Id = 1 });
- studentBags.Add(new Student() { Id = 2 });
- ConcurrentBag<Person> personBags = new ConcurrentBag<Person>();
- personBags.Add(new Person() { Id = 1 });
- }
- }
- [HarmonyPatch(typeof(ConcurrentBag<object>), "Add", new Type[] { typeof(object) })]
- public class ConcurrentBagHook
- {
- public static void Prefix(object __instance) { }
- public static void Postfix(object __instance, object __0)
- {
- var count = Traverse.Create(__instance).Property("Count").GetValue<int>();
- Console.WriteLine($"泛型参数:{__0.GetType()},当前Count={count}");
- Console.WriteLine(Environment.StackTrace);
- }
- }
- public class Student { public int Id { get; set; } }
- public class Person { public int Id { get; set; } }
- }
复制代码
从卦中可以看到不同类型的 ConcurrentBag 的集合元素数,以及对应的上层调用栈,根据调用栈自然就能找到问题,即使它是在第三方sdk中。
2. 非主线程创建UI控件导致卡死
这个问题是 wpf/winform 常遇到的经典问题,介绍的再多也不为过,凡是遇到这种经典都会有这样的调用栈。- 0:000:x86> !clrstack
- OS Thread Id: 0x4eb688 (0)
- Child SP IP Call Site
- 002fed38 0000002b [HelperMethodFrame_1OBJ: 002fed38] System.Threading.WaitHandle.WaitOneNative(System.Runtime.InteropServices.SafeHandle, UInt32, Boolean, Boolean)
- 002fee1c 5cddad21 System.Threading.WaitHandle.InternalWaitOne(System.Runtime.InteropServices.SafeHandle, Int64, Boolean, Boolean)
- 002fee34 5cddace8 System.Threading.WaitHandle.WaitOne(Int32, Boolean)
- 002fee48 538d876c System.Windows.Forms.Control.WaitForWaitHandle(System.Threading.WaitHandle)
- 002fee88 53c5214a System.Windows.Forms.Control.MarshaledInvoke(System.Windows.Forms.Control, System.Delegate, System.Object[], Boolean)
- 002fee8c 538dab4b [InlinedCallFrame: 002fee8c]
- 002fef14 538dab4b System.Windows.Forms.Control.Invoke(System.Delegate, System.Object[])
- 002fef48 53b03bc6 System.Windows.Forms.WindowsFormsSynchronizationContext.Send(System.Threading.SendOrPostCallback, System.Object)
- 002fef60 5c774708 Microsoft.Win32.SystemEvents+SystemEventInvokeInfo.Invoke(Boolean, System.Object[])
- 002fef94 5c6616ec Microsoft.Win32.SystemEvents.RaiseEvent(Boolean, System.Object, System.Object[])
- 002fefe8 5c660cd4 Microsoft.Win32.SystemEvents.OnUserPreferenceChanged(Int32, IntPtr, IntPtr)
- 002ff008 5c882c98 Microsoft.Win32.SystemEvents.WindowProc(IntPtr, Int32, IntPtr, IntPtr)
- ...
复制代码 底层原理我在 https://www.cnblogs.com/huangxincheng/p/18668388 这一篇中跟大家详细聊过,这里就不细说了,在这里我只要追踪到那个不该出生的control 就算赢了,即Application下的内部类 MarshalingControl,参考代码如下:- namespace WindowsFormsApp1
- {
- public partial class Form1 : Form
- {
- public Form1()
- {
- InitializeComponent();
- var harmony = new Harmony("com.example.marshalingcontrolhook");
- harmony.PatchAll();
- }
- private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { }
- private void backgroundWorker1_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)
- {
- Button btn = new Button();
- var query = btn.Handle;
- }
- private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
- {
- backgroundWorker1.RunWorkerAsync();
- }
- }
- [HarmonyPatch]
- public class MarshalingControlHook
- {
- [HarmonyTargetMethod]
- static MethodBase TargetMethod()
- {
- var methodInfo = AccessTools.Inner(typeof(Application), "MarshalingControl").Constructor();
- return methodInfo;
- }
- public static void Prefix()
- {
- Debug.WriteLine("----------------------------");
- Debug.WriteLine($"控件创建线程:{Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
- Debug.WriteLine(Environment.StackTrace);
- Debug.WriteLine("----------------------------");
- }
- }
- }
复制代码
从卦中可以轻松的看到,原来是用户代码 backgroundWorker1_DoWork 创建的 MarshalingControl 类,自此真相大白。
3. 孤儿锁问题
在大家的潜意识中都会认为lock锁都是有进有出,但在真实的场景下也会存在 有进没出 的情况,那是什么场景呢?对,就是 lock 处理非托管代码的时候,如果非托管代码意外让当前线程退出,就会遇到这种经典的 孤儿锁 现象,参考代码如下:- internal class Program
- {
- [DllImport("Example_20_1_5", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
- public extern static void dowork();
- public static object lockMe = new object();
- static void Main(string[] args)
- {
- var harmony = new Harmony("com.example.monitorhook");
- harmony.PatchAll();
- for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
- {
- Task.Run(() =>
- {
- lock (lockMe)
- {
- Console.WriteLine("1. 调用 C++ 代码...");
- dowork();
- Console.WriteLine("2. C++ 代码执行完毕...");
- }
- });
- }
- Console.ReadLine();
- }
- }
复制代码 代码中的 dowork 是由 C 实现的,参考如下:- extern "C"
- {
- _declspec(dllexport) void dowork();
- }
- #include "iostream"
- #include <Windows.h>
- using namespace std;
- void dowork()
- {
- ExitThread(0);
- }
复制代码 启动程序后,你会发现 !syncblk 中对object的持有线程丢了。。。一旦丢失,就会污染 object的对象头,导致其他线程一直等待 持有线程 的释放,最终引发程序卡死的灾难后果,参考如下:- 0:008> !syncblk
- Index SyncBlock MonitorHeld Recursion Owning Thread Info SyncBlock Owner
- 1 02D562D4 5 1 02D4D400 0 XXX 0504c1b0 System.Object
- -----------------------------
- Total 2
- CCW 0
- RCW 0
- ComClassFactory 0
- Free 0
复制代码 上面的XXX就是丢失的持有线程,接下来的问题就是洞察到底是哪个线程持有锁之后意外退出了。。。这也是 harmony 的强项,我们对 lock 的底层 Monitor.Enter 进行监控,通过 object 的内存地址观察当初是谁调用的,修改后的完整代码如下:- internal class Program
- {
- [DllImport("Example_20_1_5", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
- public extern static void dowork();
- public static object lockMe = new object();
- static void Main(string[] args)
- {
- var harmony = new Harmony("com.example.monitorhook");
- harmony.PatchAll();
- for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
- {
- Task.Run(() =>
- {
- lock (lockMe)
- {
- Console.WriteLine("1. 调用 C++ 代码...");
- dowork();
- Console.WriteLine("2. C++ 代码执行完毕...");
- }
- });
- }
- Console.ReadLine();
- }
- } [HarmonyPatch] public class MonitorHook { [HarmonyTargetMethod] static MethodBase TargetMethod() { var enterMethodInfo = AccessTools.Method(typeof(Monitor), "Enter", new[] { typeof(object), typeof(bool).MakeByRefType() }); return enterMethodInfo; } public static unsafe void Postfix(object obj) { void** ptr = (void**)Unsafe.AsPointer(ref obj); //注意:不要使用带 lock 的底层方法,否则会导致 死循环,建议将内容通过 c++ 写入。 Debug.WriteLine("-----------------------"); Debug.WriteLine($"对象引用地址: 0x{(long)(*ptr):X8} , tid={Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}, 调用栈:\n {Environment.StackTrace}"); Debug.WriteLine("-----------------------"); } }
复制代码 程序执行后,观察 output 和 windbg 的输出信息,参考如下:- -----------------------
- 对象引用地址: 0x057CCFD8 , tid=4, 调用栈:
- at System.Environment.get_StackTrace()
- at Example_20_1_1.MonitorHook.Postfix(Object obj) in D:\skyfly\20.20250116\src\Example\Example_20_1_1\Program.cs:line 61
- at System.Threading.Monitor.Enter_Patch1(Object obj, Boolean& lockTaken)
- at Example_20_1_1.Program.<>c.<Main>b__2_0() in D:\skyfly\20.20250116\src\Example\Example_20_1_1\Program.cs:line 31
- at System.Threading.Tasks.Task.InnerInvoke()
- at System.Threading.Tasks.Task.<>c.<.cctor>b__281_0(Object obj)
- at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.RunFromThreadPoolDispatchLoop(Thread threadPoolThread, ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state)
- at System.Threading.Tasks.Task.ExecuteWithThreadLocal(Task& currentTaskSlot, Thread threadPoolThread)
- at System.Threading.Tasks.Task.ExecuteEntryUnsafe(Thread threadPoolThread)
- at System.Threading.Tasks.Task.ExecuteFromThreadPool(Thread threadPoolThread)
- at System.Threading.ThreadPoolWorkQueue.Dispatch()
- at System.Threading.PortableThreadPool.WorkerThread.WorkerThreadStart()
- at System.Threading.Thread.StartCallback()
- -----------------------
- 0:008> !syncblk
- Index SyncBlock MonitorHeld Recursion Owning Thread Info SyncBlock Owner
- 5 0AE90184 5 1 035EC578 0 XXX 057ccfd8 System.Object
- -----------------------------
- Total 6
- CCW 0
- RCW 0
- ComClassFactory 0
- Free 0
复制代码 根据上面调用栈的输出结果,原来这个 057ccfd8 的 object 是由 b__2_0 方法调用的,在真实场景中可能有多处,不过此时我们把范围已经缩小到了极致。
这里还有一个告警点,即我用了 Debug.WriteLine 而没有使用 Console.WriteLine 是因为后者本身就带有锁,使用的话就直接死循环了,建议大家写一个C的导出函数来输出内容。
三:总结
本篇列出的3个案例在.NET高级调试领域中还是非常经典的,如果用的合适,相信对你找出程序的疑难杂症事半功倍。
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