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首页 › 业界区 › 安全 ›PostgreSQL patroni 高可用 1：ectd 安装和配置 ...

PostgreSQL patroni 高可用 1：ectd 安装和配置

咫噎 2025-9-26 18:22:32
PostgreSQL patroni高可用
PostgreSQL patroni 高可用 1：ectd 安装和配置
PostgreSQL patroni 高可用 2：patroni安装和配置
PostgreSQL patroni 高可用 3：patroni 运维
 
PostgreSQL patroni 高可用 1：etcd 安装
PostgreSQL ptroni的高可用架构图如下所示，本文完成如下架构图中红色标记内的ectd分布式存储的安装和配置。
1.png

图片来源于：https://docs.percona.com/postgresql/12/solutions/high-availability.html#architecture-layout

 
1，服务器环境

Ubuntu08：192.168.152.115Ubuntu09：192.168.152.116Ubuntu10：192.168.152.117 1.1 ectd下载与安装

以下在Ubuntu08，Ubuntu09，Ubuntu10分别安装
  1. 下载与解压安装
  2. wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.6.5/etcd-v3.6.5-linux-amd64.tar.gz
  3. tar xzvf etcd-v3.6.5-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local
  4. ln -s /usr/local/etcd-v3.6.5-linux-amd64/ /usr/local/etcd
  6. 建立软连接
  7. ln -s /usr/local/etcd/etcd /usr/bin/etcd
  8. ln -s /usr/local/etcd/etcdctl /usr/bin/etcdctl
  9. etcd --version
  10. /*
  11. 输出：
  12. etcd Version: 3.6.5
  13. Git SHA: a061450
  14. Go Version: go1.24.7
  15. Go OS/Arch: linux/amd64
  16. */
  18. 建立数据文件路径
  19. mkdir -p /var/lib/etcd
  20. mkdir /var/lib/etcd/default.etcd
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1.2 etcd 配置文件

Ubuntu08：192.168.152.115节点，路径：/var/lib/etcd/etcd.conf
  1. #etcd名称，自定义
  2. ETCD_NAME="etcd01"
  3. #存放etcd数据的目录，自定义
  4. ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default"
  5. #监听URL，用户客户端和SERVER进行通信
  6. ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="http://192.168.152.115:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379"
  7. #告知客户端自身的URL，TCP 2379端口用于监听客户端请求
  8. ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="http://192.168.152.115:2379"
  9. #监听URL，用于和其他节点通信
  10. ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="http://192.168.152.115:2380"
  11. #告知集群其他节点，端口2380用于集群通信
  12. ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="http://192.168.152.115:2380"
  13. #定义了集群内所有成员
  14. ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=http://192.168.152.115:2380,etcd02=http://192.168.152.116:2380,etcd03=http://192.168.152.117:2380"
  15. #集群ID，唯一标识
  16. ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
  17. #集群状态，new为新创建集群，existing为已经存在的集群
  18. ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
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Ubuntu09：192.168.152.116节点，路径：/var/lib/etcd/etcd.conf
  1. #etcd名称，自定义
  2. ETCD_NAME="etcd02"
  3. #存放etcd数据的目录，自定义
  4. ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default"
  5. #监听URL，用户客户端和SERVER进行通信
  6. ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="http://192.168.152.116:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379"
  7. #告知客户端自身的URL，TCP 2379端口用于监听客户端请求
  8. ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="http://192.168.152.116:2379"
  9. #监听URL，用于和其他节点通信
  10. ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="http://192.168.152.116:2380"
  11. #告知集群其他节点，端口2380用于集群通信
  12. ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="http://192.168.152.116:2380"
  13. #定义了集群内所有成员
  14. ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=http://192.168.152.115:2380,etcd02=http://192.168.152.116:2380,etcd03=http://192.168.152.117:2380"
  15. #集群ID，唯一标识
  16. ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
  17. #集群状态，new为新创建集群，existing为已经存在的集群
  18. ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
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Ubuntu10：192.168.152.117节点，路径：/var/lib/etcd/etcd.conf
  1. #etcd名称，自定义
  2. ETCD_NAME="etcd03"
  3. #存放etcd数据的目录，自定义
  4. ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default"
  5. #监听URL，用户客户端和SERVER进行通信
  6. ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="http://192.168.152.117:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379"
  7. #告知客户端自身的URL，TCP 2379端口用于监听客户端请求
  8. ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="http://192.168.152.117:2379"
  9. #监听URL，用于和其他节点通信
  10. ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="http://192.168.152.117:2380"
  11. #告知集群其他节点，端口2380用于集群通信
  12. ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="http://192.168.152.117:2380"
  13. #定义了集群内所有成员
  14. ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=http://192.168.152.115:2380,etcd02=http://192.168.152.116:2380,etcd03=http://192.168.152.117:2380"
  15. #集群ID，唯一标识
  16. ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
  17. #集群状态，new为新创建集群，existing为已经存在的集群
  18. ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
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1.3 etcd systemctl 服务脚本

三台服务器一样，/etc/systemd/system/ectd.service
  1. [Unit]
  2. Description=Etcd Server
  3. After=network.target
  4. After=network-online.target
  5. Wants=network-online.target
  7. [Service]
  8. Type=notify
  9. EnvironmentFile=/var/lib/etcd/etcd.conf
  10. WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/etcd/
  11. ExecStart=/usr/bin/etcd
  12. Restart=on-failure
  13. RestartSec=5
  14. LimitNOFILE=65536
  16. [Install]
  17. WantedBy=multi-user.target
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启动服务
  1. systemctl daemon-reload
  2. systemctl enable etcd
  3. systemctl start etcd
  4. systemctl status etcd
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1.4 etcd 环境变量
  1. --添加环境变量
  2. --ETCDCTL_API是有v2和v3两个版本，默认是v2版本，执行命令可能会报错
  3. echo 'export ETCDCTL_API=3' >> /etc/profile
  4. source /etc/profile
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其他
  1. --新增etcd节点，systemd启动服务出现Job for etcd.service failed because a timeout was exceeded错误
  2. --解决办法：出现该问题的原因可能时因为etcd的data-dir中的残留信息导致的，删除data-dir中的内容，重新启动etcd服务
  3. rm -rf /var/lib/etcd/default/
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2，检查etcd集群管理

2.1 etcd状态检查

检查集群节点状态：etcdctl endpoint health --cluster -w table列出集群成员：etcdctl member list -w table检查集群节点的健康状态：etcdctl endpoint health --cluster -w table
  1. 检查集群节点状态
  2. root@ubuntu08:/usr/local# etcdctl endpoint status --cluster -w table
  3. {"level":"warn","ts":"2025-09-22T09:34:53.831953+0800","caller":"flags/flag.go:94","msg":"unrecognized environment variable","environment-variable":"ETCDCTL_API=3"}
  4. +-----------------------------+------------------+---------+-----------------+---------+--------+-----------------------+-------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+--------------------------+-------------------+
  5. |          ENDPOINT           |        ID        | VERSION | STORAGE VERSION | DB SIZE | IN USE | PERCENTAGE NOT IN USE | QUOTA | IS LEADER | IS LEARNER | RAFT TERM | RAFT INDEX | RAFT APPLIED INDEX | ERRORS | DOWNGRADE TARGET VERSION | DOWNGRADE ENABLED |
  6. +-----------------------------+------------------+---------+-----------------+---------+--------+-----------------------+-------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+--------------------------+-------------------+
  7. | http://192.168.152.116:2379 | 6eb726f58bd2aa70 |   3.6.5 |           3.6.0 |   20 kB |  16 kB |                   20% |   0 B |     false |      false |         2 |          9 |                  9 |        |                          |             false |
  8. | http://192.168.152.115:2379 | 7158c1b754a1eeba |   3.6.5 |           3.6.0 |   25 kB |  16 kB |                   34% |   0 B |      true |      false |         2 |          9 |                  9 |        |                          |             false |
  9. | http://192.168.152.117:2379 | af96143dba13346f |   3.6.5 |           3.6.0 |   20 kB |  16 kB |                   20% |   0 B |     false |      false |         2 |          9 |                  9 |        |                          |             false |
  10. +-----------------------------+------------------+---------+-----------------+---------+--------+-----------------------+-------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+--------------------------+-------------------+
  13. 列出集群成员
  14. root@ubuntu08:/usr/local# etcdctl member list -w table
  15. {"level":"warn","ts":"2025-09-22T09:36:22.799237+0800","caller":"flags/flag.go:94","msg":"unrecognized environment variable","environment-variable":"ETCDCTL_API=3"}
  16. +------------------+---------+--------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+------------+
  17. |        ID        | STATUS  |  NAME  |         PEER ADDRS          |        CLIENT ADDRS         | IS LEARNER |
  18. +------------------+---------+--------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+------------+
  19. | 6eb726f58bd2aa70 | started | etcd02 | http://192.168.152.116:2380 | http://192.168.152.116:2379 |      false |
  20. | 7158c1b754a1eeba | started | etcd01 | http://192.168.152.115:2380 | http://192.168.152.115:2379 |      false |
  21. | af96143dba13346f | started | etcd03 | http://192.168.152.117:2380 | http://192.168.152.117:2379 |      false |
  22. +------------------+---------+--------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+------------+
  24. 检查集群节点的健康状态
  25. root@ubuntu08:/usr/local#  etcdctl endpoint health --cluster -w table
  26. {"level":"warn","ts":"2025-09-22T09:36:49.159370+0800","caller":"flags/flag.go:94","msg":"unrecognized environment variable","environment-variable":"ETCDCTL_API=3"}
  27. +-----------------------------+--------+------------+-------+
  28. |          ENDPOINT           | HEALTH |    TOOK    | ERROR |
  29. +-----------------------------+--------+------------+-------+
  30. | http://192.168.152.115:2379 |   true | 4.838419ms |       |
  31. | http://192.168.152.117:2379 |   true | 7.374066ms |       |
  32. | http://192.168.152.116:2379 |   true | 7.334373ms |       |
  33. +-----------------------------+--------+------------+-------+
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2.2 etcd常用命令
  1. etcd常用命令
  2. --截至目前位置ectd中没有用户自定义数据，如下查询是启用了patroni之后才能查到，这里仅做示例
  4. -- 查询所有的key
  5. root@ubuntu08:/usr/local# etcdctl get "" --prefix --keys-only
  6. {"level":"warn","ts":"2025-09-23T09:36:04.000716+0800","caller":"flags/flag.go:94","msg":"unrecognized environment variable","environment-variable":"ETCDCTL_API=3"}
  7. /service/pg_cluster_wy_prod/config
  8. /service/pg_cluster_wy_prod/history
  9. /service/pg_cluster_wy_prod/initialize
  10. /service/pg_cluster_wy_prod/leader
  11. /service/pg_cluster_wy_prod/members/ubuntu09
  12. /service/pg_cluster_wy_prod/status
  15. --删除所有的key
  16. root@ubuntu08:/usr/local# etcdctl del /service/pg_cluster_wy_prod/ --prefix
  17. {"level":"warn","ts":"2025-09-23T09:38:52.248350+0800","caller":"flags/flag.go:94","msg":"unrecognized environment variable","environment-variable":"ETCDCTL_API=3"}
  18. 6
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2.3 管理etcd

--查看集群节点：etcdctl endpoint status --cluster -w table--转移领导权： etcdctl move-leader 6eb726f58bd2aa70--备份数据库：etcdctl snapshot save etcd_bak.db，默认备份到当前目录
  1. 管理etcd
  2. --查看集群节点
  3. root@ubuntu08:/usr/local# etcdctl endpoint status --cluster -w table
  4. {"level":"warn","ts":"2025-09-22T09:52:07.064600+0800","caller":"flags/flag.go:94","msg":"unrecognized environment variable","environment-variable":"ETCDCTL_API=3"}
  5. +-----------------------------+------------------+---------+-----------------+---------+--------+-----------------------+-------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+--------------------------+-------------------+
  6. |          ENDPOINT           |        ID        | VERSION | STORAGE VERSION | DB SIZE | IN USE | PERCENTAGE NOT IN USE | QUOTA | IS LEADER | IS LEARNER | RAFT TERM | RAFT INDEX | RAFT APPLIED INDEX | ERRORS | DOWNGRADE TARGET VERSION | DOWNGRADE ENABLED |
  7. +-----------------------------+------------------+---------+-----------------+---------+--------+-----------------------+-------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+--------------------------+-------------------+
  8. | http://192.168.152.116:2379 | 6eb726f58bd2aa70 |   3.6.5 |           3.6.0 |   20 kB |  16 kB |                   20% |   0 B |     false |      false |         2 |         12 |                 12 |        |                          |             false |
  9. | http://192.168.152.115:2379 | 7158c1b754a1eeba |   3.6.5 |           3.6.0 |   25 kB |  16 kB |                   34% |   0 B |      true |      false |         2 |         12 |                 12 |        |                          |             false |
  10. | http://192.168.152.117:2379 | af96143dba13346f |   3.6.5 |           3.6.0 |   20 kB |  16 kB |                   20% |   0 B |     false |      false |         2 |         12 |                 12 |        |                          |             false |
  11. +-----------------------------+------------------+---------+-----------------+---------+--------+-----------------------+-------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+--------------------------+-------------------+
  14. --将领导权转移到192.168.152.116，需要在leader节点(192.168.152.115)上执行以下命令
  15. root@ubuntu08:/usr/local#  etcdctl move-leader 6eb726f58bd2aa70
  16. {"level":"warn","ts":"2025-09-22T09:52:52.764611+0800","caller":"flags/flag.go:94","msg":"unrecognized environment variable","environment-variable":"ETCDCTL_API=3"}
  17. Leadership transferred from 7158c1b754a1eeba to 6eb726f58bd2aa70
  18. root@ubuntu08:/usr/local#
  20. --再次查看集群节点
  21. root@ubuntu08:/usr/local# etcdctl endpoint status --cluster -w table
  22. {"level":"warn","ts":"2025-09-22T09:53:25.957168+0800","caller":"flags/flag.go:94","msg":"unrecognized environment variable","environment-variable":"ETCDCTL_API=3"}
  23. +-----------------------------+------------------+---------+-----------------+---------+--------+-----------------------+-------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+--------------------------+-------------------+
  24. |          ENDPOINT           |        ID        | VERSION | STORAGE VERSION | DB SIZE | IN USE | PERCENTAGE NOT IN USE | QUOTA | IS LEADER | IS LEARNER | RAFT TERM | RAFT INDEX | RAFT APPLIED INDEX | ERRORS | DOWNGRADE TARGET VERSION | DOWNGRADE ENABLED |
  25. +-----------------------------+------------------+---------+-----------------+---------+--------+-----------------------+-------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+--------------------------+-------------------+
  26. | http://192.168.152.116:2379 | 6eb726f58bd2aa70 |   3.6.5 |           3.6.0 |   20 kB |  16 kB |                   20% |   0 B |      true |      false |         3 |         13 |                 13 |        |                          |             false |
  27. | http://192.168.152.115:2379 | 7158c1b754a1eeba |   3.6.5 |           3.6.0 |   25 kB |  16 kB |                   34% |   0 B |     false |      false |         3 |         13 |                 13 |        |                          |             false |
  28. | http://192.168.152.117:2379 | af96143dba13346f |   3.6.5 |           3.6.0 |   20 kB |  16 kB |                   20% |   0 B |     false |      false |         3 |         13 |                 13 |        |                          |             false |
  29. +-----------------------------+------------------+---------+-----------------+---------+--------+-----------------------+-------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+--------------------------+-------------------+
  32. 备份数据库，执行etcdctl snapshot save etcd_bak.db，默认备份到当前目录
  33. root@ubuntu08:/usr/local#  etcdctl snapshot save etcd_bak.db
  34. {"level":"warn","ts":"2025-09-22T09:54:51.963842+0800","caller":"flags/flag.go:94","msg":"unrecognized environment variable","environment-variable":"ETCDCTL_API=3"}
  35. {"level":"info","ts":"2025-09-22T09:54:51.971594+0800","caller":"snapshot/v3_snapshot.go:83","msg":"created temporary db file","path":"etcd_bak.db.part"}
  36. {"level":"info","ts":"2025-09-22T09:54:51.973601+0800","logger":"client","caller":"v3@v3.6.5/maintenance.go:236","msg":"opened snapshot stream; downloading"}
  37. {"level":"info","ts":"2025-09-22T09:54:51.975135+0800","caller":"snapshot/v3_snapshot.go:96","msg":"fetching snapshot","endpoint":"127.0.0.1:2379"}
  38. {"level":"info","ts":"2025-09-22T09:54:51.975385+0800","logger":"client","caller":"v3@v3.6.5/maintenance.go:302","msg":"completed snapshot read; closing"}
  39. {"level":"info","ts":"2025-09-22T09:54:51.976335+0800","caller":"snapshot/v3_snapshot.go:111","msg":"fetched snapshot","endpoint":"127.0.0.1:2379","size":"25 kB","took":"4.643252ms","etcd-version":"3.6.0"}
  40. {"level":"info","ts":"2025-09-22T09:54:51.976404+0800","caller":"snapshot/v3_snapshot.go:121","msg":"saved","path":"etcd_bak.db"}
  41. Snapshot saved at etcd_bak.db
  42. Server version 3.6.0
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