博客地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zylyehuo/
一、导入所用库
- import torch
- from torch import nn
- from d2l import torch as d2l
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二、自定义重塑层
- class Reshape(nn.Module):
- def forward(self, x):
- return x.view(-1, 1, 28, 28)
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三、构建 LeNet 网络
- net = nn.Sequential(
- Reshape(), # 将输入 (batch, 784) → (batch, 1, 28, 28)
- nn.Conv2d(1, 6, kernel_size=5, padding=2), # 卷积层1:输入通道 1 → 输出通道 6,卷积核 5×5,padding=2 保持宽高不变
- nn.Sigmoid(), # 激活函数:Sigmoid
- nn.AvgPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2), # 平均池化1:kernel=2, stride=2,下采样一半
- nn.Conv2d(6, 16, kernel_size=5), # 卷积层2:6→16,kernel=5×5,默认无 padding → 尺寸缩小
- nn.Sigmoid(), # Sigmoid 激活
- nn.AvgPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2), # 平均池化2
- nn.Flatten(), # 展平:把多维特征图拉成一维向量
- nn.Linear(16 * 5 * 5, 120), # 全连接层1:输入 16×5×5 → 输出 120
- nn.Sigmoid(), # Sigmoid 激活
- nn.Linear(120, 84), # 全连接层2:120 → 84
- nn.Sigmoid(), # Sigmoid 激活
- nn.Linear(84, 10) # 输出层:84 → 10 类别
- )
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四、验证每层输出形状
- X = torch.rand(size=(1, 1, 28, 28), dtype=torch.float32)
- for layer in net:
- X = layer(X)
- print(layer.__class__.__name__, 'output shape:\t', X.shape)
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五、加载 Fashion-MNIST 数据
- batch_size = 256
- train_iter, test_iter = d2l.load_data_fashion_mnist(batch_size=batch_size)
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六、定义 GPU 下的准确率评估函数
- def evaluate_accuracy_gpu(net, data_iter, device=None):
- """在 GPU 上评估模型在给定数据集上的准确率"""
- if isinstance(net, nn.Module):
- net.eval() # 切换到评估模式,关闭 dropout、batchnorm 等
- if not device:
- device = next(iter(net.parameters())).device
- # metric[0] 累积正确预测数;metric[1] 累积样本总数
- metric = d2l.Accumulator(2)
- with torch.no_grad():
- for X, y in data_iter:
- X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device)
- y_hat = net(X)
- metric.add(d2l.accuracy(y_hat, y), y.numel())
- return metric[0] / metric[1]
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- def train_ch6(net, train_iter, test_iter, num_epochs, lr, device):
- # 1. 权重初始化:对每个线性层和卷积层使用 Xavier 均匀分布初始化
- def init_weights(m):
- if type(m) in (nn.Linear, nn.Conv2d):
- nn.init.xavier_uniform_(m.weight)
- net.apply(init_weights)
- print('training on', device)
- net.to(device) # 把模型参数搬到指定设备
- optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(net.parameters(), lr=lr)
- loss = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
- # 可视化工具:训练过程实时画图
- animator = d2l.Animator(xlabel='epoch', xlim=[1, num_epochs],
- legend=['train loss', 'train acc', 'test acc'])
- timer, num_batches = d2l.Timer(), len(train_iter)
- # 2. 训练循环
- for epoch in range(num_epochs):
- # 累积训练损失、训练正确预测数、样本数
- metric = d2l.Accumulator(3)
- net.train() # 切回训练模式
- for i, (X, y) in enumerate(train_iter):
- timer.start()
- X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device)
- optimizer.zero_grad()
- y_hat = net(X)
- l = loss(y_hat, y)
- l.backward()
- optimizer.step()
- with torch.no_grad():
- metric.add(l * y.numel(), d2l.accuracy(y_hat, y), y.numel())
- timer.stop()
- # 每训练完一个 epoch,或者到达最后一个 batch 时更新可视化
- if (i + 1) % (num_batches // 5) == 0 or i == num_batches - 1:
- animator.add(epoch + (i + 1) / num_batches,
- (metric[0] / metric[2], metric[1] / metric[2], None))
- # 每个 epoch 结束后计算一次测试集准确率并更新图示
- test_acc = evaluate_accuracy_gpu(net, test_iter, device)
- animator.add(epoch + 1, (None, None, test_acc))
- # 输出整体训练速度
- print(f'{metric[2] * num_epochs / timer.sum():.1f} examples/sec on {device}')
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八、运行训练
- lr, num_epochs = 0.9, 10
- train_ch6(net, train_iter, test_iter, num_epochs, lr, d2l.try_gpu())
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九、总结
十、流程概览
1. 环境准备
2. 网络构建
3. 数据加载
4. 训练循环
- for epoch in 1…N:
- for 每个 batch (X, y):
- 1) 前向计算 ŷ = net(X)
- 2) 计算损失 L = Loss(ŷ, y)
- 3) 反向传播 L.backward()
- 4) 优化器更新参数 optimizer.step()
- 5) 累积训练损失 & 正确率
- end-for
- # 每跑完一个 epoch:
- - 在测试集上评估一次准确率
- - 把训练损失、训练准确率、测试准确率推到“动画器”里,实时画图
- end-for
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5. 评估与可视化
6. 通俗小结
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