案例
前置条件:
在 resources 目录下有 hello/hello.properties 文件,文件内容如下:案例一:
在 HelloController 类中通过 @PropertySource 注解引用 properties 文件的内容,然后就可以通过 @Value 注解引用这个配置文件中的 hello 这个 key 了。- @PropertySource({"classpath:hello/hello.properties"})
- @RestController
- public class HelloController {
- @Value("${hello}")
- private String hello;
-
- @GetMapping("/hello")
- public String hello() {
- return hello;
- }
- }
复制代码 案例一执行的结果是返回 nihao 这个字符串。
案例二:
在 AnotherController 类中通过 @PropertySource 注解引用 properties 文件的内容,在 HelloController 中仍然可以通过 @Value 注解引用这个配置文件中的 hello 这个 key 。- @RestController
- public class HelloController {
- @Value("${hello}")
- private String hello;
-
- @GetMapping("/hello")
- public String hello() {
- return hello;
- }
- }
- @RestController
- @PropertySource({"classpath:hello/hello.properties"})
- public class AnotherController {
- // 省略代码
- }
复制代码 案例二返回的结果和案例一一致,这说明了只需要一个 Bean 通过 @PropertySource 注解引用了 properties 配置文件后,其它的 Bean 无需再使用@PropertySource 注解引用即可通过 @Value 注入其中的值。
案例三:- @Getter
- @Setter
- public class TestBean {
- private String attributeA;
-
- private String attributeB;
- }
- @RestController
- public class HelloController {
- @Value("${hello}")
- private String hello;
- @Autowired
- private TestBean testBean;
-
- @GetMapping("/hello")
- public String hello() {
- System.out.println("AttributeA = " + testBean.getAttributeA());
- System.out.println("AttributeB = " + testBean.getAttributeB());
- return hello;
- }
- }
复制代码- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
- <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:testBean/testBean.properties"/>
- <bean id="testBean" >
- <property name="attributeA" value="${valueA}"/>
- <property name="attributeB" value="${valueB}"/>
-
-
- </bean>
- </beans>
复制代码 testBean.properties 配置文件中的值如下:案例三执行的结果是 testBean 中的属性被正确替换为了 testBean.properties 配置文件中的值。
案例四:
在 hello.properties 文件中增加 attributeA 配置项,其它和案例三保持一致:案例四执行的结果是 testBean 中的 attributeA 属性被替换为了 hello.properties 中的值,attributeB 中的属性被替换为了 testBean.properties 中的值。
源码分析
@PropertySource注解
在 Spring 中提供了 BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor 接口,它提供了一个方法可以注册额外的 Bean 定义。代码如下:- public interface BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor extends BeanFactoryPostProcessor {
- void postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) throws BeansException;
- }
复制代码 Spring 中提供了 ConfigurationClassPostProcessor 做为实现类,在它的 postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry() 通过 ConfigurationClassParser 去将 @Configuration 等注解修饰的类解析成 Bean 定义并注册。
而在 ConfigurationClassParser 中的 doProcessConfigurationClass() 方法会解析所有 @PropertySource 注解的配置信息,然后根据配置的路径加载对应路径下的配置文件,然后注册到 Environment 中。代码如下:- protected final SourceClass doProcessConfigurationClass(
- ConfigurationClass configClass, SourceClass sourceClass,
- Predicate<String> filter)
- throws IOException {
- // Process any @PropertySource annotations
- for (AnnotationAttributes propertySource : AnnotationConfigUtils.attributesForRepeatable(
- sourceClass.getMetadata(), org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource.class,
- PropertySources.class, true)) {
- if (this.propertySourceRegistry != null) {
- this.propertySourceRegistry.processPropertySource(propertySource);
- }
- else {
- logger.info("Ignoring @PropertySource annotation on [" + sourceClass.getMetadata().getClassName() +
- "]. Reason: Environment must implement ConfigurableEnvironment");
- }
- }
- }
复制代码 在 PropertySourceRegistry 的 processPropertySource() 方法中获取到注解配置的文件的位置,然后又委托给了 PropertySourceProcessor 处理。代码如下:- void processPropertySource(AnnotationAttributes propertySource) throws IOException {
- String name = propertySource.getString("name");
- if (!StringUtils.hasLength(name)) {
- name = null;
- }
- String encoding = propertySource.getString("encoding");
- if (!StringUtils.hasLength(encoding)) {
- encoding = null;
- }
- // 获取到注解中配置的配置文件的位置
- String[] locations = propertySource.getStringArray("value");
- Assert.isTrue(locations.length > 0, "At least one @PropertySource(value) location is required");
- boolean ignoreResourceNotFound = propertySource.getBoolean("ignoreResourceNotFound");
- Class<? extends PropertySourceFactory> factoryClass = propertySource.getClass("factory");
- Class<? extends PropertySourceFactory> factoryClassToUse =
- (factoryClass != PropertySourceFactory.class ? factoryClass : null);
- PropertySourceDescriptor descriptor = new PropertySourceDescriptor(Arrays.asList(locations),
- ignoreResourceNotFound, name, factoryClassToUse, encoding);
- //
- this.propertySourceProcessor.processPropertySource(descriptor);
- this.descriptors.add(descriptor);
- }
复制代码 在 processProperties() 方法中通过 ConfigurablePropertyResolver 对象又构造了一个 StringValueResolver 对象,然后调用了 doProcessProperties() 方法。代码如下:- public void processPropertySource(PropertySourceDescriptor descriptor) throws IOException {
- String name = descriptor.name();
- String encoding = descriptor.encoding();
- List<String> locations = descriptor.locations();
- boolean ignoreResourceNotFound = descriptor.ignoreResourceNotFound();
- PropertySourceFactory factory = (descriptor.propertySourceFactory() != null ?
- instantiateClass(descriptor.propertySourceFactory()) : defaultPropertySourceFactory);
- for (String location : locations) { // 遍历每个配置文件位置加载配置文件
- try {
- String resolvedLocation = this.environment.resolveRequiredPlaceholders(location);
- for (Resource resource : this.resourcePatternResolver.getResources(resolvedLocation)) {
- addPropertySource(factory.createPropertySource(name, new EncodedResource(resource, encoding)));
- }
- } catch (RuntimeException | IOException ex) {
- // 省略点
- }
- }
- }
- private void addPropertySource(PropertySource<?> propertySource) {
- String name = propertySource.getName();
- MutablePropertySources propertySources = this.environment.getPropertySources();
- if (this.propertySourceNames.contains(name)) {
- // 省略代码
- }
- if (this.propertySourceNames.isEmpty()) {
- propertySources.addLast(propertySource);
- }
- else {
- String lastAdded = this.propertySourceNames.get(this.propertySourceNames.size() - 1);
- // 添加到 propertySources 中
- propertySources.addBefore(lastAdded, propertySource);
- }
- this.propertySourceNames.add(name);
- }
复制代码 在 doProcessProperties() 方法中又通过 StringValueResolver 对象构造了一个 BeanDefinitionVisitor 对象,然后调用它的 visitBeanDefinition() 实现了对 Bean 定义中属性引用的解析。然后调用 BeanFactory 的 addEmbeddedValueResolver() 方法把 StringValueResolver 对象设置给了 BeanFactory,这里就和前面的AbstractApplicationContext 中的 finishBeanFactoryInitialization() 方法呼应起来了,这里设置了值,那边就不设置了,这里没有设置,那边就会设置。- protected void finishBeanFactoryInitialization(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
- // Register a default embedded value resolver if no BeanFactoryPostProcessor
- // (such as a PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer bean) registered any before:
- // at this point, primarily for resolution in annotation attribute values.
- if (!beanFactory.hasEmbeddedValueResolver()) {
- beanFactory.addEmbeddedValueResolver(strVal -> getEnvironment().resolvePlaceholders(strVal));
- }
-
- // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
- beanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons();
- }
复制代码 在之前的文章Spring 中 @Value 注解实现原理中介绍了在 DefaultListableBeanFactory 的 resolveEmbeddedValue() 方法中实现了对 @Value 注解的解析,这里实际上就是调用的上面设置的 StringValueResolver 对象的 resolveStringValue() 方法来实现的。- public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
- if (this.propertySources == null) {
- this.propertySources = new MutablePropertySources();
- if (this.environment != null) {
- PropertyResolver propertyResolver = this.environment;
- // If the ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders flag is set to true, we have to create a
- // local PropertyResolver to enforce that setting, since the Environment is most
- // likely not configured with ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders set to true.
- // See https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework/issues/27947
- if (this.ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders &&
- (this.environment instanceof ConfigurableEnvironment configurableEnvironment)) {
- PropertySourcesPropertyResolver resolver =
- new PropertySourcesPropertyResolver(configurableEnvironment.getPropertySources());
- resolver.setIgnoreUnresolvableNestedPlaceholders(true);
- propertyResolver = resolver;
- }
- // 将environment构建为一个PropertySource对象
- PropertyResolver propertyResolverToUse = propertyResolver;
- this.propertySources.addLast(
- new PropertySource<>(ENVIRONMENT_PROPERTIES_PROPERTY_SOURCE_NAME, this.environment) {
- @Override
- @Nullable
- public String getProperty(String key) {
- return propertyResolverToUse.getProperty(key);
- }
- }
- );
- }
- try {
- PropertySource<?> localPropertySource =
- new PropertiesPropertySource(LOCAL_PROPERTIES_PROPERTY_SOURCE_NAME, mergeProperties());
- if (this.localOverride) {
- this.propertySources.addFirst(localPropertySource);
- }
- else { // 默认情况下是将配置加入到最后
- this.propertySources.addLast(localPropertySource);
- }
- }
- catch (IOException ex) {
- throw new BeanInitializationException("Could not load properties", ex);
- }
- }
- processProperties(beanFactory, createPropertyResolver(this.propertySources));
- this.appliedPropertySources = this.propertySources;
- }
复制代码 案例解答
对于案例二: 在解析 Bean 定义的时候会把所有 @PropertySource 注解定义配置文件解析到 Environment 集中保存起来,然后在解析 @Value 注解值的时候统一从这个集中的地方去查找。因此只需要有一个类通过 @PropertySource 注解引用这个配置即可。
对于案例三: 实际上是依赖实现了 BeanFactoryPostProcessor 接口,它的 postProcessBeanFactory() 方法中实现了在 Bean 真正创建之前,对 Bean 定义中引用属性的解析。
对于案例四: 在默认的情况下解析依赖的配置文件是所有 @PropertySource 引用的配置文件加上 PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer 的 location 属性引用的配置文件,且 @PropertySource 引用的配置文件在它的 location 属性引用的配置文件前面,查找的时候是按照顺序查找的。@PropertySource 引用的配置文件中定义了相同的 key,则直接会获取值返回,不会再继续往后查找了,所以就出现了案例四中 hello.properties 配置文件中的相同配置项覆盖了 testBean.properties 配置文件中的配置项。t
同时 Spring 提供了一个配置项 local-override,当设置为 true 时,才会使用testBean.properties 配置覆盖hello.properties 配置。覆盖的原理就是把配置加到最前面。代码如下:- [/code][code]protected void doProcessProperties(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactoryToProcess,
- StringValueResolver valueResolver) {
- // 构造BeanDefinitionVisitor对象
- BeanDefinitionVisitor visitor = new BeanDefinitionVisitor(valueResolver);
- String[] beanNames = beanFactoryToProcess.getBeanDefinitionNames();
- for (String curName : beanNames) {
- // Check that we're not parsing our own bean definition,
- // to avoid failing on unresolvable placeholders in properties file locations.
- if (!(curName.equals(this.beanName) && beanFactoryToProcess.equals(this.beanFactory))) {
- BeanDefinition bd = beanFactoryToProcess.getBeanDefinition(curName);
- try {
- // 对Bean定义中引用的配置进行解析
- visitor.visitBeanDefinition(bd);
- }
- catch (Exception ex) {
- throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(bd.getResourceDescription(), curName, ex.getMessage(), ex);
- }
- }
- }
- // Resolve placeholders in alias target names and aliases as well.
- beanFactoryToProcess.resolveAliases(valueResolver);
- // Resolve placeholders in embedded values such as annotation attributes.
- // 添加到BeanFactory中
- beanFactoryToProcess.addEmbeddedValueResolver(valueResolver);
- }
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