实战还原 V8 bytenode 保护 JS(V8 字节码分析记录)
V8 字节码分析,简单写写在前辈们的基础上,又遇到些什么问题(绝对不是我水不出很长的文章的问题)
(如有错漏,敬请指正,因为是在弄完后过了很久才写的)
我的blog:blog.dorimu.cn
0x00 前言
拿到一个需要逆向分析的 JS start.js。
目标环境:
- Node.js:16.14.0
- 对应 V8:9.4.146.24-node.20(flag hash ed0ab240)
核心代码如下:- const vm = require('vm');
- const v8 = require('v8');
- const zlib = require('zlib');
- const fs = require('fs');
- const path = require('path');
- const Module = require('module');
- v8.setFlagsFromString('--no-lazy');
- v8.setFlagsFromString('--no-flush-bytecode');
- global.generateScript=function(cachedData, filename) {
- cachedData = zlib.brotliDecompressSync(cachedData);
- fixBytecode(cachedData);
- const length = readSourceHash(cachedData);
- let dummyCode = '';
- if (length > 1) {
- dummyCode = '"' + '\u200b'.repeat(length - 2) + '"';
- }
- const script = new vm.Script(dummyCode, {
- cachedData,
- filename
- });
- if (script.cachedDataRejected) {
- throw new Error('');
- }
- return script;
- }
- global.compileCode = function(javascriptCode, compress) {
- const script = new vm.Script(javascriptCode, {
- produceCachedData: true
- });
- let bytecodeBuffer = (script.createCachedData && script.createCachedData.call) ?
- script.createCachedData() :
- script.cachedData;
- if (compress) bytecodeBuffer = zlib.brotliCompressSync(bytecodeBuffer);
- return bytecodeBuffer;
- };
- global.fixBytecode = function(bytecodeBuffer) {
- const dummyBytecode = compileCode('');
- dummyBytecode.subarray(12, 16).copy(bytecodeBuffer, 12);
- };
- global.readSourceHash = function(bytecodeBuffer) {
- return bytecodeBuffer.subarray(8, 12).reduce((sum, number, power) => sum += number * Math.pow(256, power), 0);
- };
- try {
- Module._extensions['.jsc'] = function(fileModule, filename) {
- const data = fs.readFileSync(filename, 'utf8')
- const bytecodeBuffer = Buffer.from(data, 'base64');
- const script = generateScript(bytecodeBuffer, filename);
- function require(id) {
- return fileModule.require(id);
- }
- require.resolve = function(request, options) {
- return Module._resolveFilename(request, fileModule, false, options);
- };
- if (process.main) {
- require.main = process.main;
- }
- require.extensions = Module._extensions;
- require.cache = Module._cache;
- const compiledWrapper = script.runInThisContext({
- filename: filename,
- lineOffset: 0,
- columnOffset: 0,
- displayErrors: true
- });
- const dirname = path.dirname(filename);
- const args = [
- fileModule.exports, require, fileModule, filename, dirname, process, global
- ];
- return compiledWrapper.apply(fileModule.exports, args);
- };
- } catch (ex) {
- console.error('xrequire:' + ex.message);
- }
- require("${codeScript}")
复制代码 经过搜索资料发现:
这就是V8 cachedData / bytenode 方案。
0x01 第一次尝试:View8
定位到 bytecode 后,我先上了 View8:
https://github.com/suleram/View8
然后配套 9.4.146.24.exe 去跑反编译。
发现问题:
- 输出一点代码后自动崩溃退出。
- View8 因 d8 崩溃只导出 23 个外围函数,关键的函数基本丢失。
当时第一反应是项目太久没维护,又去github找别的项目。
0x02 第二次尝试:jsc2js
又看了 jsc2js:
https://github.com/xqy2006/jsc2js
这个仓库新一些,也有 patch + CI 体系。
把 patch 套到 v8 9.4.146.24,结果仍然和第一轮差不多。
这时候基本就炸毛了(先躺一会):
字节码本来就不太好 hook,现成工具又不稳定。
于是查阅相关资料:
- https://www.aynakeya.com/articles/ctf/a-quick-guide-to-disassemble-v8-bytecode/
- https://rce.moe/2025/01/07/v8-bytecode-decompiler/
V8 bytecode 就是 V8 自己序列化的一段内部数据。
想稳定拿结果,必须回到 V8 源码层改输出逻辑。
不同 V8 版本在字节码层差异很大,尤其是 opcode、参数语义、寄存器布局。
0x03 第三次尝试:拉 V8 仓库
- @echo off
- set PATH=E:\Dev\SDKs\depot_tools;%PATH%
- set DEPOT_TOOLS_WIN_TOOLCHAIN=0
- mkdir v8_941
- cd v8_941
- echo solutions = [{ > .gclient
- echo "name": "v8", >> .gclient
- echo "url": "https://chromium.googlesource.com/v8/v8.git@9.4.146.24", >> .gclient
- echo "deps_file": "DEPS", >> .gclient
- echo "managed": False, >> .gclient
- echo "custom_deps": {}, >> .gclient
- echo }] >> .gclient
- git clone --depth=1 --branch 9.4.146.24 https://chromium.googlesource.com/v8/v8.git v8
- gclient sync -D --no-history
复制代码 0x04 patch + 编译参数
先patch,再单独构建 d8:- cd /d <dir>\v8_941\v8
- python ..\..\apply_patches_v8_94.py .
- gn gen out/release
- ninja -C out/release d8
复制代码 构建参数:- dcheck_always_on = false
- is_clang = false
- is_component_build = false
- is_debug = false
- target_cpu = "x64"
- use_custom_libcxx = false
- v8_monolithic = true
- v8_use_external_startup_data = false
- v8_static_library = true
- v8_enable_disassembler = true
- v8_enable_object_print = true
- treat_warnings_as_errors = false
- v8_enable_pointer_compression = false
- v8_enable_31bit_smis_on_64bit_arch = false
- v8_enable_lite_mode = false
- v8_enable_i18n_support = true
- v8_enable_webassembly = true
复制代码 0x05 改动阶段
真男人就要硬刚v8,部分diff我就不贴出来了,把问题和思路贴一下,欸嘿~
0x06 问题一:cachedData 反序列化被拒绝
CodeSerializer: eserialize 默认会严检 magic/version/flags/hash/checksum/source hash。
如果任何一项没通过,它会直接 reject 掉这份缓存,返回空对象。
src/snapshot/code-serializer.cc:- @@ SerializedCodeData::SanityCheck
- - SanityCheckResult result = SanityCheckWithoutSource();
- - if (result != CHECK_SUCCESS) return result;
- - ...
- - return CHECK_SUCCESS;
- + return SerializedCodeData::SanityCheckResult::CHECK_SUCCESS;
- @@ SerializedCodeData::SanityCheckWithoutSource
- - if (this->size_ < kHeaderSize) return INVALID_HEADER;
- - uint32_t magic_number = GetMagicNumber();
- - if (magic_number != kMagicNumber) return MAGIC_NUMBER_MISMATCH;
- - ...
- - if (Checksum(ChecksummedContent()) != c) return CHECKSUM_MISMATCH;
- - return CHECK_SUCCESS;
- + return SerializedCodeData::SanityCheckResult::CHECK_SUCCESS;
复制代码 src/snapshot/deserializer.cc:- @@ Deserializer<IsolateT>::Deserializer
- - CHECK_EQ(magic_number_, SerializedData::kMagicNumber);
- + /*
- + CHECK_EQ(magic_number_, SerializedData::kMagicNumber);
- + */
- @@ ReadSingleBytecodeData
- + std::fprintf(stderr, "[FATAL] Unknown serializer bytecode: 0x%02x\n", data);
复制代码 0x07 问题二:反汇编/打印阶段栈溢出
这里就是之前view8打印不出来的主要问题:
- BytecodeArray:
isassemble
- 打常量池
- 命中 SharedFunctionInfo
- SharedFunctionInfoPrint
- 再次 Disassemble
- 深度叠加,最终栈爆
src/diagnostics/objects-printer.cc:- +thread_local int g_in_bytecode_disasm = 0;
- ...
- + ++g_in_bytecode_disasm;
- + hbc->Disassemble(*(c->os));
- + --g_in_bytecode_disasm;
- @@ SharedFunctionInfoPrint
- - PrintSourceCode(os);
- + // PrintSourceCode(os);
- + int exc = SehWrapCall(DoBcDisasm, &ctx);
- + if (exc != 0) { os << "<BytecodeArray Disassemble CRASHED ...>"; }
复制代码 src/d8/d8.cc:- +extern thread_local int g_in_bytecode_disasm;
- +void SafePrintSharedFunctionInfo(...);
- +void SafePrintFixedArray(...);
- ...
- case SHARED_FUNCTION_INFO_TYPE:
- + if (g_in_bytecode_disasm > 0) { break; }
- + SafePrintSharedFunctionInfo(shared, os);
- case FIXED_ARRAY_TYPE:
- + SafePrintFixedArray(FixedArray::cast(*this), os);
复制代码 0x08 稳定性
修 Handle 生命周期和字节码迭代稳定性
- +void Shell::LoadBytecode(...)
- +std::deque<i::Handle<i::SharedFunctionInfo>> queue;
- +std::unordered_set<i::Address> seen;
- +while (!queue.empty()) { ... }
- +global_template->Set(isolate, "loadBytecode",
- + FunctionTemplate::New(isolate, LoadBytecode));
复制代码 调试可见性 + SFI 入队条件
- - i::HandleScope inner_scope(isolateInternal);
- + // No inner HandleScope here — child handles stored in queue/all_sfis
- + // must survive across iterations. outer_scope keeps them all alive.
- ...
- - i::BytecodeArray handle_storage = *hbca;
- - i::Handle<i::BytecodeArray> handle(
- - reinterpret_cast<i::Address*>(&handle_storage));
- - i::interpreter::BytecodeArrayIterator iterator(handle);
- + // Use hbca directly — it's a proper Handle rooted in print_scope.
- + i::interpreter::BytecodeArrayIterator iterator(hbca);
- ...
- + // Re-derive base_address each iteration (GC-safe)
- + i::Address base_address = hbca->GetFirstBytecodeAddress();
复制代码 常量池可读性增强
- + printf("[DBG] root SFI ptr = 0x%p\n", reinterpret_cast<void*>(root->ptr()));
- + printf("[DBG] root HasBytecodeArray = %d\n", root_has_bc);
- ...
- + printf("[DBG] cp[%d] raw=0x%p smi=%d\n", cp_index,
- + reinterpret_cast<void*>(obj.ptr()), obj.IsSmi());
- ...
- - if (obj.IsSharedFunctionInfo()) {
- + if (!obj.IsSmi() && obj.IsSharedFunctionInfo()) {
复制代码 其它
src/objects/string.cc:- +const int kMaxLiteralElementsToPrint = 1024;
- +std::function<void(i::Object, int)> print_compact_obj;
- ...
- +if (value.IsArrayBoilerplateDescription()) { ... }
- +if (value.IsFixedArray()) { ... }
- +if (value.IsFixedDoubleArray()) { ... }
- ...
- +print_compact_obj(obj, 0);
复制代码 0x09 将反编译结果初步还原成可读js
- 喂给 jsc2js/View8(这里你可能要手动改一下,懒得贴了),我记得好像还要处理一下常量池?
来来回回折腾了三天,最开始啥都不懂硬生生肝出来了,基本都是需要什么去问什么去学什么 hhhhhhh 现在还真是方便啊
写完跑路
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