个人速查
这里是鄙人在学习U++时候整理的部分笔记,后面也会把自己用到的补充上来。这个笔记存在的唯一原因只是UE的API太过简陋,所以自己找教程看,把基础内容写过来用于copy。接下来自己的学习安排是,打算做一个相对复杂点的蓝图项目熟悉下游戏架构,再将一些蓝图替换成C++,简单的C++游戏已经抄了俩了。后面再看怎么做小型的网络游戏(排队游戏的某个关卡
之类的)。
创建Actor和组件挂载
组件头文件
- Components/SceneComponent.h(挂载点,任何组件都必须挂载在挂载点上)
- Components/StaticMeshComponent.h(网格体组件)
- Components/BoxComponent.h(碰撞组件)
- Particles/ParticleSystemComponent.h(粒子系统组件)
- Components/AudioComponent.h(声音组件)
只有Actor能挂组件哦。
声明
- UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere,BlueprintReadOnly,Category = "MySceneComponent")
- class USceneComponent* MyScene;
- UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere,BlueprintReadOnly,Category = "MySceneComponent")
- class UStaticMeshComponent* MyMesh;
- UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere,BlueprintReadOnly,Category = "MySceneComponent")
- class UParticleSystemComponent* MyParticle;
- UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere,BlueprintReadOnly,Category = "MySceneComponent")
- class UBoxComponent* MyBox;
- UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere,BlueprintReadOnly,Category = "MySceneComponent")
- class UAudioComponent* MyAudio;
复制代码 挂载和定义
一般常在构造函数中声明并挂载
定义
- MyScene = CreateDefaultSubobject<USceneComponent>(TEXT("CustomSceneName"));
- MyMesh = CreateDefaultSubobject<UStaticMeshComponent>(TEXT("CustomStaticMeshName"));
- MyParticle = CreateDefaultSubobject<UParticleSystemcComponent>(TEXT("MyCustomParticleSystemName"));
- MyBox = CreateDefaultSubobject<UBoxComponent>(TEXT("MyCustomBox"));
- MyAudio = CreateDefaultSubobject<UAudioComponent>(TEXT("MyCustomAudio"));
复制代码 挂载
因为只能挂载到DefaultSubobject,所以最好让RootComponent为DefaultSubobject这样就能挂更多组件。一般常在构造方法挂载。- RootComponent = MyScene;
- MyMesh->SetupAttachment(MyScene);
- MyParticle->SetupAttachment(MyScene);
- MyBox->SetupAttachment(MyScene);
- MyAudio->SetupAttachment(MyBox);
复制代码 静态加载
静态加载资源
资源文件写死,在确定组件的层级结构后,传入资源并指定到组件对象的某个属性上。声明定义挂载后的下一个选择环节。
FObjectFinder中的参数可以去蓝图中看,蓝图中这些组件的detail中引入用的啥参数就用啥参数。静态加载的时候定义必须写在构造方法中。- //.hUPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere,BlueprintReadOnly,Category = "MySceneComponent")
- class USceneComponent* MyScene;
- UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere,BlueprintReadOnly,Category = "MySceneComponent")
- class UStaticMeshComponent* MyMesh;
- UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere,BlueprintReadOnly,Category = "MySceneComponent")
- class UParticleSystemComponent* MyParticle;
- UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere,BlueprintReadOnly,Category = "MySceneComponent")
- class UBoxComponent* MyBox;
- UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere,BlueprintReadOnly,Category = "MySceneComponent")
- class UAudioComponent* MyAudio;//.cppstatic ConstructorHelpers::FObjectFinderTempStaticMesh(TEXT(“网格体模型资产的引用”));MyMesh->SetStaticMesh(TempStaticMesh.Object);static ConstructorHelpers::FObjectFinderTempParticleSystem(TEXT("粒子特效的资产引用"));MyParticle->SetTemplate(TemParticleSystem.Object); static ConstructorHelpers::FObjectFinderTempSound(TEXT("音效资产引用"));MyAudio->SetSound(TempSound.Object);
复制代码 静态加载资源类
不再通过class 加组件的形式前向声明了,而是通过TSubclassOf来实现声明。静态加载的时候定义必须写在构造方法中。同样是将一个资源用一个指针储存,但是涉及到蓝图的类型,所以试用TSubclassOf用一个对象存储任何AActor的子类,- //。h
- UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere,BlueprintReadOnly,Category = "MyClass")
- TSubclassOf MyActor;
- //.cpp
- static ConstructorHelpers::FClassFinder TempMyActor(TEXT("蓝图类资源引用_C"));
- MyActor = TempMyActor.class;
复制代码 动态加载
动态加载资源
动态加载放在构造方法外的其他位置,比如BeginPlay中。相对于静态加载资源没啥变化- UStaticMesh* MyTempStaticMesh = LoadObject<UStaticMesh>(nullptr,TEXT("资源引用"));
- if(MyTempStaticMesh)MyMesh->SetStaticMesh(MyTempStaticMesh);
复制代码 动态加载类资源
- UClass* MyTempClass = LoadClass(this,TEXT("蓝图类资源引用_C"));
- if(MyTempClass)AActor* SpawnActor = GetWorld()->SpawnActor(MyTempClass,FVector::ZeroVector,FRotator::ZeroRotator);
复制代码 相机和相机臂
类型选择
- 必然Pawn或者character这样的panw子类了。
头文件
- GameFramework/SpringArmComponent.h(相机臂)
- Camera/CameraComponent.h(相机组件)
声明
- UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere,BlueprintReadOnly,Category = "MySceneComponent")
- USceneComponent* MyRoot;
- UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere,BlueprintReadOnly,Category = "MySceneComponent")
- USpringArmComponent* MySprintArm;
- UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere,BlueprintReadOnly,Category = "MySceneComponent")
- UCameraComponent* MyCamera;
复制代码 挂载和定义
定义
在构造方法中实现初始化定义。- MyRoot = CreateDefaultSubobject<USceneComponent>(TEXT("MyRootComponent"));
- MySpringArm = CreateDefaultSubobject<USpringArmComponent>(TEXT("MySpringArmComponent"));
- MyCamera = CreateDefaultSubobject<UCameraComponent>(TEXT("MyCameraComponent"));
复制代码 挂载
这里挂载也放在构造函数- RootComponent = MyRoot;
- MySpringArm->SetupAttachment(MyRoot);
- MyCamera->SetupAttachment(MySpringArm);
复制代码 其他配置
- MySpringArm->bDoCollisionTest = false;//取消摄像机的碰撞
复制代码 按键映射和鼠标滑轮
类型选择
一般常用PlayerController。因为它提供了很多接口,重载就行,无需造轮子。
似乎PlayerController本身就自带了一个InputComponent,换句话说,如果自己不使用playercontroller只用pawn就得将InputComponent给导入并在构造函数创建即可(不需要挂载),在beginplay启动输入并调用手动实现的setupinputcomponent。其他相同。
头文件导入
PlayerController控制的那个Pawn的头文件,想要控制Pawn上的摄像机臂或者pawn的位置,必须有其引用。
声明
重载接口函数- virtual void SetupInputComponent();
复制代码 声明映射函数- void WheelUpFunction();
- void WheelDownFUnction();
- //我是一个辅助函数
- void Zoom(bool Direction,ZoomSpeed);
复制代码 定义
在SetupInputComponent()函数中将按键设置和触发类型以及回调函数绑定到inputComponent上来。- Super::SetuupInputComponent();
- InputComponent->BindAction(“按键配置名”,IE_Pressed,this,&AmyPlayerController::WheelUpFunction);
- InputComponent->BindAction(“按键配置名”,IE_Pressed,this,&AmyPlayerController::WheelDownFunction);
复制代码 在映射函数中WheelUpFunction();通过PlayerController的GetPawn获取受控的引用经过类型判断后进行摄像机臂处理。- if(GetPawn())
- {
- AMyPawn* MyCameraPawn = Cast(GetPawn());
- if(MyCameraPawn)
- {
- MyCameraPawn->Zoom(1,10);
- }
- }
复制代码 在Zoom(Direction,ZoomSpeed)函数;根据传入方向和速度进行弹簧臂的拉近和延伸。- if(Direction)
- {
- if(MySpringArm->TargetArmLength >=300 && MySpringArm->TargetArmLength<5000)
- MySpringArm->TargetArmLength+=(ZoomSpeed*2);
- }
- else
- {
- if(MySpringArm->TargetArmLength>300 && MySpringArm->TargetArmLength<=5000)
- MySpringArm->TargetArmLength0-(ZoomSpeed*2);
- }
复制代码 Actor的位置偏移
类型选择
- Actor及其子类因为相关的Actor类都实现了。
使用
相对于根节点移动
控制整个Actor的移动,相对于根节点的移动(根节点不动)
- 需要一个MyOffset表示某个对象移动的方向和距离。
- 是否忽略碰撞
- 需要一个HitResult的引用存储是否发生了碰撞作
- FVector MyOffset = FVector(1,0,0);
- FHitResult HitResult;
- AddActorLocalOffset(MyOffset,false,&HitResult);
复制代码 相对于世界的移动
参数同上- AddActorWorldOffset(MyOffset,false,&HitResult);
复制代码 Actor的碰撞-Overlap
头文件
- Components/BoxComponent.h(碰撞组件)
声明
- MyBox = CreateDefaultSubobject<UBoxComponent>(TEXT("MyCustomBox"));
复制代码 定义与挂载
定义
- MyBox = CreateDefaultSubobject<UBoxComponent>(TEXT("MyCustomBox"));
复制代码 挂载
- MyBox->SetupAttachment(MyScene);
复制代码 使用
绑定
- MyBox->OnComponentBeginOverlap.AddDynamic(this,&AMyActor::BeginOverlapFunction);
- MyBox->OnComponentBeginOverlap.AddDynamic(this,&AMyActor::EndOverlapFunction);
复制代码 其他配置--待绑定函数的声明
- 当前actor的碰撞盒组件
- 另一个碰撞actor
- 另一个碰撞actor的碰撞组件
- 对方组件的body索引(无视)
- 一个物体是否是主动带着速度撞过来的
- 主动撞过来时的命中等信息
- UFUNCTION()
- void BeginOverlapFunction(
- UPrimitiveComponent* OverlappedComponent,
- AActor* OtherActor,
- UPrimitiveComponent* OtherComp,
- int32 OtherBodyIndex,
- bool bFromSweep,
- const FHitResult& SweepResult);
- UFUNCTION()
- void EndOverlapFunction(
- UPrimitiveComponent* OverlappedComponent,
- AActor* OtherActor,
- UPrimitiveComponent* OtherComp,
- int32 OtherBodyIndex);
复制代码 其他配置--待绑定函数的实现
- void AMyActor::BeinOverlapFunction(UPrimitiveComponent* OverlappedComponent,
- AActor* OtherActor,
- UPrimitiveComponent* OtherComp,
- int32 OtherBodyIndex,
- bool bFromSweep,
- const FHitResult& SweepResult)
- {
- UELOG(......)
- }
复制代码 Actor的碰撞Hit
hit不同于beginoverlap的第一次碰撞才触发,hit只要有接触就会触发。
头文件
- Components/BoxComponent.h(碰撞组件)
声明
- MyBox = CreateDefaultSubobject<UBoxComponent>(TEXT("MyCustomBox"));
复制代码 定义与挂载
定义
- MyBox = CreateDefaultSubobject<UBoxComponent>(TEXT("MyCustomBox"));
复制代码 挂载
- MyBox->SetupAttachment(MyScene);
复制代码 使用
绑定
- MyBox->OnComponentHit.AddDynamic(this,&AMyActor::HitFunction)
复制代码 其他配置--带绑定函数的声明
- UFUNCTION()
- void HitFunction(
- UPrimitiveComponent* HitComponent,
- AActor* OtherActor,
- UPrimitiveComponent* OtherComp,
- FVector NormalImpulse,
- const FHitResult& Hit);
复制代码 Actor的碰撞设置
头文件
- Components/BoxComponent.h(碰撞组件)
声明
- MyBox = CreateDefaultSubobject<UBoxComponent>(TEXT("MyCustomBox"));
复制代码 定义与挂载
定义
- MyBox = CreateDefaultSubobject<UBoxComponent>(TEXT("MyCustomBox"));
复制代码 挂载
- MyBox->SetupAttachment(MyScene);
复制代码 使用
碰撞设置
- MyBox->SetCollisionEnabled(ECollisionEnabled::NoCollision);
- MyBox->SetCollisionEnabled(ECollisionEnabled::QueryOnly);
- MyBox->SetCollisionEnabled(ECollisionEnabled::PhysicsOnly);
- MyBox->SetCollisionEnabled(ECollisionEnabled::QueryAndPhysics);
- MyBox->SetCollisionEnabled(ECollisionEnabled::ProbeOnly);
- MyBox->SetCollisionEnabled(ECollisionEnabled::QueryAndProbe);
复制代码 碰撞类型
- MyBox->SetCollisionObjectType(ECC_WorldStatic);
- MyBox->SetCollisionObjectType(ECC_WorldDynamic);
- MyBox->SetCollisionObjectType(ECC_Pawn);
- MyBox->SetCollisionObjectType(ECC_PhysicsBody);
- MyBox->SetCollisionObjectType(ECC_Vehicle);
- MyBox->SetCollisionObjectType(ECC_Destructible);
复制代码 碰撞响应
多个通道
- MyBox->SetCollisionResponseToALllChannels(ECR_Block); //设置所有通道响应为block
- MyBox->SetCollisionResponseToAllChannels(ECR_Overlap);//设所有通道响应为重叠
- MyBox->SetCollisionResponseToAllChannels(ECR_Ignore);//设所有通道响应为忽略
复制代码 单个通道
- MyBox->SetCollisionResponseToChannel(ECR_Pawn,ECR_Overlap);//对pawn设置为重叠
- MyBox->SetCollisionResponseToChannel(ECC_WorldStatic,ECR_Block);//对世界静态设置为阻挡
- MyBox->SetCollisionResponseToChannel(ECC_WorldDynamic,ECR_Block);//对世界动态设置为忽略
复制代码 Actor的粒子特效的激活和失效
头文件
- Particles/ParticleSystemComponent.h(粒子系统组件)
声明
- UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere,BlueprintReadOnly,Category = "MySceneComponent")
- class USceneComponent* MyScene;
- UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere,BlueprintReadOnly,Category = "MySceneComponent")
- class UStaticMeshComponent* MyMesh;
- UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere,BlueprintReadOnly,Category = "MySceneComponent")
- class UParticleSystemComponent* MyParticle;
- UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere,BlueprintReadOnly,Category = "MySceneComponent")
- class UBoxComponent* MyBox;
- UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere,BlueprintReadOnly,Category = "MySceneComponent")
- class UAudioComponent* MyAudio;
复制代码 挂载和定义
一般常在构造函数中声明并挂载
定义
- MyScene = CreateDefaultSubobject<USceneComponent>(TEXT("CustomSceneName"));
- MyParticle = CreateDefaultSubobject<UParticleSystemcComponent>(TEXT("MyCustomParticleSystemName"));
复制代码 挂载
因为只能挂载到DefaultSubobject,所以最好让RootComponent为DefaultSubobject这样就能挂更多组件。一般常在构造方法挂载。- RootComponent = MyScene;
- MyParticle->SetupAttachment(MyScene);
复制代码 使用-激活和失效
- MyParticle->Activate();
- MyParticle->Deactivate();
复制代码 用户控件--按钮
类型选择
- 选择C++的Widget的UserWidget类进行派生
- 选则一个PlayerController处理控件的显示。
头文件
声明
- 使用meta的bindwidget相当于将控件名为ButtonStart和ButtonQuit的两个控件的操作句柄暴露给C++方法了。
- UPROPERTY(meta=(BindWidget))
- UButton* ButtonStart;
- UPROPERTY(meta=(BindWidget))
- UButton* ButtonQuit;
- virtual bool Initialize() override;
复制代码 定义
- bool UMyUserWidget::Initialize()
- {
- if(!Super::Initialize())
- {
- return false;
- }
- ButtonStart->OnClicked.AddDynaic(this,&UMyUserWidget::Start());
- ButtonQuit->OnClicked.AddDynaic(this,&UMyUserWidget::Quit());
- return ture;
- }
复制代码 其他配置--待绑定方法声明和定义
- //声明:
- UFUNCTION()
- void Start();
- UFUNCTION()
- void Quit();
- //定义
- void UMyUserWidget::Start(){
- GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1,5.0f,FColor::Red,TEXT("Start"));
- }
- void UMyUserWidget::Quit(){
- GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1,5.0f,FColor::Red,TEXT("Quit"));
- }
复制代码 使用--这里用了动态加载。
- 进入一个PlayerController类,其实选其他类也是可以的,但是Pawn可能会死,可能会换,World需要手动管理声明周期,而playercontroller几乎贯穿玩家和游戏交互的全流程,因此选择PlayerController。
- 先将蓝图子类加载到内存,在用UUserWidget这个控件父类指针去指向基于蓝图子类创建出来的Widget。所以LoadClass真的只是读取一个类而不是一个对象,通过指针将控件添加到视口。类似于TSubClassOf,指针存储底稿,运行时根据底稿来创建副本并进行修改。
- void AMyPlayerController::BeinPlay()
- {
- Super::BeginPlay();
- UClass* widgetClass = LoadClass<UUserWidget>(NULL,TEXT("控件的蓝图子类的资源引用_C"));
- UUserWidget* MyWidgetClass = nullptr;
- MyWidgetClass = CreateWidget<UUserWidget>(GetWorld(),widgetClass);
- MyWidgetClass->AddToViewPort();
- }
复制代码 用户控件--进度条
类型选择
- 选择C++的Widget的UserWidget类进行派生
- 选则一个PlayerController处理控件的显示。
头文件
声明
- UPROPERTY(meta=(BindWidget))
- UProgressBar* ProgressBarHealth;
- UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere,BlueprintReadWrite,Category = "MyHealth")
- float CurrentHealth = 100.0f;
- UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere,BlueprintReadWrite,Category = "MyHealth")
- float MaxHealth = 100.0f;
- void UpdateHealth();
复制代码 定义
- void UMyUserWidget::UpdateHealth()
- {
- float Percent = FMath::Clamp(CurrentHealth/MaxHealth,0.f,1.f);
- if(ProgressBarHealth)ProgressBarHealth->SetPercent(Percent);
- if (CurrentHealth <= 0)
- GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1, 5.f, FColor::Red, TEXT("Death"));
- else
- GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1, 5.f, FColor::Green, TEXT("-10"));
- }
复制代码 其他配置
找一个函数负责调用UpdateHealth().- void UMyUserWidget::Start()
- {
- UpdateHealth();
- }
复制代码 代理--单播
类型选择
选了Actor来派生
代理的声明
- 代理的声明依靠一个宏,这个宏会在预编译阶段被替换成对一个类的声明,也就是会根据代理名替换城几个类NoParamDelegate,OneParamDelegate,TwoParamDelegate,ThreeParamDelegate,RevalDelegate这些类。
- DECLARE_DELEGATE(NoParamDelegate);
- DECLARE_DELEGATE_OneParam(OneParamDelegate,FString);
- DECLARE_DELEGATE_TwoParams(TwoParamDelegate,FString,int32);
- DECLARE_DELEGATE_ThreeParams(ThreeParamsDelegate,FString,int32,float);
- DECLARE_DELEGATE_RetVal(FString,RevalDelegate);
复制代码
- 通过宏声明了代理后(创建了代理类后)就需要实例化这个所谓的代理(感觉所谓的代理就是一个容器,负责在调用的时候将绑定上去的函数一起执行掉)
- NoParamDelegate NoParamDelegate;
- OneParamDelegate OneParamDelegate;
- TwoParamDelegate TwoParamDelegate;
- ThreeParamsDelegate ThreeParamDelegate;
- RevalDelegate RevalDelegate;
复制代码
- 我觉得是函数容器也并非空穴来风,因为真的很像,这里就是在声明函数了。
- void NoParamFunction();
- void OneParamFunction(FString str);
- void TwoParamFunction(FString str,int32 value);
- void ThreeParamFunction(FString str,int32 value,float value1);
- FString RevalParamFunction();
复制代码 定义
- void AMyDelegateActor::NoParamFunction()
- {
- GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1, 5.0f, FColor::Blue, TEXT("NoParamDelegate"));
- }
- void AMyDelegateActor::OneParamFunction(FString str)
- {
- GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1, 5.0f, FColor::Blue, FString::Printf(TEXT("%s"), *str));
- }
- void AMyDelegateActor::TwoParamFunction(FString str, int32 value)
- {
- GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1, 5.0f, FColor::Blue, FString::Printf(TEXT("%s %d"), *str,value));
- }
- void AMyDelegateActor::ThreeParamFunction(FString str, int32 value, float value1)
- {
- GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1, 5.0f, FColor::Blue, FString::Printf(TEXT("%s %d %f"), *str, value,value1));
- }
- FString AMyDelegateActor::RevalParamFunction()
- {
- FString str = FString::Printf(TEXT("RevalParamDelegate"));
- return str;
- }
复制代码 使用
- 绑定方法到代理----在构造方法中将函数绑定到容器中。
- NoParamDelegate.BindUObject(this, &AMyDelegateActor::NoParamFunction);
- OneParamDelegate.BindUObject(this, &AMyDelegateActor::OneParamFunction);
- TwoParamDelegate.BindUObject(this, &AMyDelegateActor::TwoParamFunction);
- ThreeParamDelegate.BindUObject(this, &AMyDelegateActor::ThreeParamFunction);
- RevalDelegate.BindUObject(this, &AMyDelegateActor::RevalParamFunction);
复制代码- void AMyDelegateActor::BeingPlay()
- {
- SUper::BeginPlay();
- NoParamDelegate.ExecuteIfBound();
- OneParamDelegate.ExecuteIfBound("OneParamDelegate");
- TwoParamDelegate.ExecuteIfBound("TwoParamDelegate",10);
- ThreeParamDelegate.ExecuteIfBound("ThreeParamDelegate",10,5.0);
- FString strValue = RevalDelegate.Execute();
- }
复制代码 代理--多播
类型选择
同上单播
代理的声明
我说实话,多播感觉就更像一个容器了。
- DECLARE_MULTICAST_DELEGATE_OneParam(OneParamMultiDelegate,FString)
复制代码- OneParamMultiDelegate OneParamMultiDelegate;
复制代码- UFUNCTION()
- void MultiDelegateFunction1(FString str);
- UFUNCTION()
- void MultiDelegateFunction2(FString str);
- UFUNCTION()
- void MultiDelegateFUnction3(FString str);
复制代码 定义
定义函数- void AMyDelegateActor::MultiDelegateFunction1(FString str)
- {
- FString TempStr = str.Append("1");
- GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1, 5.0f, FColor::Red, FString::Printf(TEXT("%s"), *TempStr));
- }
- void AMyDelegateActor::MultiDelegateFunction2(FString str)
- {
- FString TempStr = str.Append("2");
- GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1, 5.0f, FColor::Red, FString::Printf(TEXT("%s"), *TempStr));
- }
- void AMyDelegateActor::MultiDelegateFUnction3(FString str)
- {
- FString TempStr = str.Append("3");
- GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1, 5.0f, FColor::Red, FString::Printf(TEXT("%s"), *TempStr));
- }
复制代码 使用
- 绑定代理,感觉多播更像容器了---这里在构造方法绑定的
- OneParamMultiDelegate.AddUObject(this, &AMyDelegateActor::MultiDelegateFunction1);
- OneParamMultiDelegate.AddUObject(this, &AMyDelegateActor::MultiDelegateFunction2);
- OneParamMultiDelegate.AddUObject(this, &AMyDelegateActor::MultiDelegateFUnction3);
复制代码- OneParamMultiDelegate.Broadcast("OneParamMultiDelegate");
复制代码 代理--动态多播
类型选择
同上单播,动态多播好像是可以给蓝图用。
代理的声明
- DECLARE_DYNAMIC_MULTICAST_DELEGATE_OneParam(FDynamicMultiDelegate, FString, param);
复制代码- UPROPERTY(BlueprintAssignable)
- FDynamicMultiDelegate DynamicMultiDelegate;
复制代码 使用
因为动态多播可以给蓝图用,所以不需要实现函数并绑定(当然也可以),那就只剩执行了---这里放在Beginplay中了- DynamicMultiDelegate.Broadcast("DynamicMultiDelegate");
复制代码 发射物类
基类选择
Actor
头文件
- Components/StaticMeshComponent.h(子弹怎么能没有网格体呢?)
- Components/CapsuleComponent.h(子弹必须有碰撞网格,最好是胶囊体)
- GameFramework/ProjectileMovementComponent.h(发射物运动组件,发射物必备)
声明
- public:
- UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere,BlueprintReadOnly,Category="MyComponent")
- UStaticMeshComponent* MyBullet;
- UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere, BlueprintReadOnly, Category = "MyComponent")
- UCapsuleComponent* MyCapsule;
- UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere, BlueprintReadOnly, Category = "MyComponent")
- UProjectileMovementComponent* MyProjectile;
复制代码 定义
在构造方法进行初始化
- 创建组件并完成挂载
- 静态加载网格体模型
- 设置Bullet相对于的根节点大小
- UMovementComponent提供了一批移动转向相关的函数,其子类负责实现在tick中调用这些函数实现运动逻辑
- SetupDatedComponent后面跟的就是打算将移动委托给移动组件处理的一个组件
- InitialSpeed发射瞬间速度,MaxSpeed飞行速度上限,bRotationFollowsVelocity弹头是否使用面朝飞行方向,bIsHomingProjectile是否启用追踪效果,ProjectileGravityScale重力倍率
- MyBullet = CreateDefaultSubobject<UStaticMeshComponent>(TEXT("MyBulletComponent"));
- MyCapsule = CreateDefaultSubobject<UCapsuleComponent>(TEXT("MyCapsuleComponent"));
- MyProjectile = CreateDefaultSubobject<UProjectileMovementComponent>(TEXT("MyProjectileComponent"));
- static ConstructorHelpers::FObjectFinder<UStaticMesh> TmpStaticMesh(TEXT("网格体引用"));
- MyBullet->SetStaticMesh(TmpStaticMesh.Object);
- MyBullet->SetRelativeScale3D(FVector(0.4, 0.4, 0.4));
- RootComponent = MyBullet;
- MyCapsule->SetupAttachment(MyBullet);
- MyProjectile->SetUpdatedComponent(MyBullet);
- MyProjectile->InitialSpeed = 1200.0f;
- MyProjectile->MaxSpeed = 2400.f;
- MyProjectile->bRotationFollowsVelocity = true;
- MyProjectile->bIsHomingProjectile = true;
- MyProjectile->ProjectileGravityScale = 1.5f;
复制代码 Character和增强输入
派生方式
派生自一个Character类
Build配置
添加"EnhancedInput"于Build.cs
头文件
- InputActionValue.h
- EnhancedInputComponent.h
- EnhancedInputSubsystems.h
- GameFramework/Controller.h
- GameFramework/SpringArmComponent.h
- Camera/CameraComponent.h
- GameFramework/CharacterMovementComponent.h
声明
- 两个摄像机相关组件
- 一个映射上下文组件(个人理解:老输入映射方式是在项目配置里写,实际上是更类似于宏一样的方式,很死板,增强输入引入一个资产用于保存输入输出映射,这个资产就是UInputMappingContext。而UInputAction就是UInputMappingContext的字段,只不过得写在同级的属性中。)
- public:
- UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere,BlueprintReadOnly,Category="MySceneComponent")
- USpringArmComponent* MySpringArm;
- UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere, BlueprintReadOnly, Category = "MySceneComponent")
- UCameraComponent* MyCamera;
- UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere, BlueprintReadOnly, Category = "Input")
- class UInputMappingContext* DefaultMappingContext;
- UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere, BlueprintReadOnly, Category = "Input")
- class UInputAction* MoveAction;
- UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere, BlueprintReadOnly, Category = "Input")
- class UInputAction* LookAction;
- void Move(const FInputActionValue& Value);
- void Look(const FInputActionValue& Value);
复制代码 定义
- 初始化
- 创建组件并命名
- 进行配置
- 配置相机臂长度
- 将角色的yaw,poll,pitch,的旋转和摄像机隔离开,方便摄像机环顾而角色朝向独立(ARPG)
- 将角色朝向锁定到移动的方向
- BeginPlay
- 在当前character为玩家控制时,获取输入系统并利用这个子系统将输入方案挂载到玩家上。(个人理解,子系统就是个翻译,它会查UInputMappingContext表并返回输入映射数据)
- 指定要查的表UInputMappingContext.
- SetupPlayerInputComponent
- Move
- Value是在组件内就绑定在委托上的输入了。
- 获取相机朝向并抽取XOY平面上的朝向
- 将朝向这个向量拆分成两个X轴和Y轴的分向量,并将移动信息替换到位置信息。
- AMyCharacter::AMyCharacter()
- {
- // Set this character to call Tick() every frame. You can turn this off to improve performance if you don't need it.
- PrimaryActorTick.bCanEverTick = true;
-
- //创建组件并命名挂载
- MySpringArm = CreateDefaultSubobject<USpringArmComponent>(TEXT("MySpringArmComponent"));
- MyCamera = CreateDefaultSubobject<UCameraComponent>(TEXT("MyCameraComponent"));
- MyCamera->SetupAttachment(MySpringArm);
- MySpringArm->SetupAttachment(RootComponent);
- /*1. 配置相机臂长度
- 1. 将角色的yaw,poll,pitch,的旋转和摄像机隔离开,方便摄像机环顾而角色朝向独立(ARPG)*/
- MySpringArm->TargetArmLength = 400.0f;
- bUseControllerRotationPitch = false;
- bUseControllerRotationYaw = false;
- bUseControllerRotationRoll = false;
- //将角色朝向锁定到移动的方向
- GetCharacterMovement()->bOrientRotationToMovement = true;
- //
- MySpringArm->bUsePawnControlRotation = true;
- }
- void AMyCharacter::BeginPlay()
- {
- Super::BeginPlay();
- if (APlayerController* PlayerController = Cast(Controller))
- {
- if (UEnhancedInputLocalPlayerSubsystem* Subsystem = ULocalPlayer::GetSubsystem<UEnhancedInputLocalPlayerSubsystem>(PlayerController->GetLocalPlayer()))
- {
- Subsystem->AddMappingContext(DefaultMappingContext,0);
- }
- }
- }
- void AMyCharacter::SetupPlayerInputComponent(UInputComponent* PlayerInputComponent)
- {
- Super::SetupPlayerInputComponent(PlayerInputComponent);
- if (UEnhancedInputComponent* EnhancedInputComponent = CastChecked<UEnhancedInputComponent>(PlayerInputComponent))
- {
- EnhancedInputComponent->BindAction(MoveAction, ETriggerEvent::Triggered, this, &AMyCharacter::Move);
- EnhancedInputComponent->BindAction(LookAction, ETriggerEvent::Triggered, this, &AMyCharacter::Look);
- }
- }
- void AMyCharacter::Move(const FInputActionValue& Value)
- {
- FVector2D MovementVector = Value.Get<FVector2D>();
- if (Controller!=nullptr)
- {
- const FRotator Rotation = Controller->GetControlRotation();
- const FRotator YawRotation(0, Rotation.Yaw, 0);
- const FVector ForwardDirection = FRotationMatrix(YawRotation).GetUnitAxis(EAxis::X);
- const FVector RightDirection = FRotationMatrix(YawRotation).GetUnitAxis(EAxis::Y);
- AddMovementInput(ForwardDirection, MovementVector.Y);
- AddMovementInput(RightDirection, MovementVector.X);
- }
- }
- void AMyCharacter::Look(const FInputActionValue& Value)
- {
- FVector2D LookAxisVector = Value.Get<FVector2D>();
- if (Controller != nullptr)
- {
- AddControllerYawInput(LookAxisVector.X);
- AddControllerPitchInput(LookAxisVector.Y);
- }
- }
复制代码 接口
选择类型
- Interface进行派生
- MyCharacter类
头文件
- MyCharacter:Myinterface.h
声明
接口是一个给别的类继承的抽象类,所以只有什么没有定义,定义在其他类- public:
- virtual void Attack() {};
- virtual void CalculateHealth() {};
复制代码 重载声明
- class XXXXXXX_API AMyCharacter : public ACharacter,public IMyInterface
- {
- public:
- virtual void Attack() override;
- virtual void CalculateHealth() override;
- }
复制代码 定义
- void AMyCharacter::Attack()
- {
- IMyInterface::Attack();
- GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1, 5.0f, FColor::Red, TEXT("Attack"));
- }
- void AMyCharacter::CalculateHealth()
- {
- IMyInterface::CalculateHealth();
- GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1, 5.0f, FColor::Red, TEXT("CalculateHealth"));
- }
复制代码 使用
尝试载beginplay中调用。
TimeHndle定时器
派生方式
派生自Scharacter,还是之前的MyCharacter类。
头文件
声明
其他配置--回调函数
- //声明
- void PrintF();
- //定义
- void AMyCharacter::PrintF()
- {
- GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1, 5.0f, FColor::Red, TEXT("Time"));
- }
复制代码 使用
- 设置定时器--常在Beginplay里
- 参数:定时器句柄,this,回调函数,定时器时间长度s,是否循环定时。
- UWorld中管理着所有定时器,gettimermanager可以返回一个单例,这个单例有存放句柄的素组,这个单例提供了设置定时器句柄数组的方式入SetTimer和ClearTimer.
- void AMyCharacter::BeginPlay()
- {
- GetWorld()->GetTimerManager().SetTimer(Time, this, &AMyCharacter::PrintF, 1.0, true);
- if(Time.IsValid())
- {
- GetWorld()->GetTimerManager().ClearTimer(Time);
- }
- }
复制代码 3DWidget
派生方式
- 使用UserWidget进行派生->MyHealthWidget
- 做出来的控件给MyCharacter类调用
头文件
- MyCharacter类
- Components/WidgetComponent.h(用父类指针指向蓝图子类对象)
- MyHealthWidget
- 无(因为这里没有使用控件组件,按钮之类的,所有视觉元素都在蓝图中构建的。)
声明
- public:
- UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere,BlueprintReadWrite,Category="MyWidget")
- float CurrentHealth=100.0f;
- UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere, BlueprintReadWrite, Category="MyWidget")
- float MaxHealth = 100.0f;
复制代码- UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere, BlueprintReadOnly, Category = "MySceneComponent")
- UWidgetComponent* MyWidgetHealth;
复制代码 定义
- MyHealthWidget类:没有源文件定义,定义(如UI,函数等)写在对应控件蓝图子类中。
- MyCharacter类
- 创建一个控件组件并命名且挂载
- 静态读取资源类引用
- 配置一个空间蓝图的蓝图类资源句柄到控件组件上,并配置组件的位置,再让UI贴在屏幕上,和缩放。
- AMyCharacter::AMyCharacter()
- {
- MyWidgetHealth = CreateDefaultSubobject<UWidgetComponent>(TEXT("MyWidgetComponent"));
- MyWidgetHealth->SetupAttachment(RootComponent);
- static ConstructorHelpers::FClassFinder<UUserWidget>WidgetClass(TEXT("蓝图资源引用_C"));
- MyWidgetHealth->SetWidgetClass(WidgetClass.Class);
- MyWidgetHealth->SetRelativeLocation(FVector(0, 0, 100));
- MyWidgetHealth->SetWidgetSpace(EWidgetSpace::Screen);
- MyWidgetHealth->SetDrawSize(FVector2D(400,20));
- }
复制代码 Damage相关
派生方式
MyActor
头文件
- Kismet/GameplayStatic.h
- MyCharacter.h
声明
- AMyCharacter--重载并声明TakeDamage方法
- virtual float TakeDamage(float DamageAmount,struct FDamageEvent const & DamageEvnt,class AController* EventInstigator,AActor* DamageCause) override;
复制代码 定义
- float AMyCharacter::TakeDamage(float DamageAmount, struct FDamageEvent const& DamageEvnt,
- class AController* EventInstigator, AActor* DamageCause)
- {
- UMyHealthWidget* MyWidget = Cast<UMyHealthWidget>(MyWidgetHealth->GetUserWidgetObject());
- if (MyWidget)
- {
- if (MyWidget->CurrentHealth <=0)
- {
- return 0.0f;
- }
- MyWidget->CurrentHealth -= 5.0;
- }
- return 0.0f;
- }
复制代码 使用
- AMyActor,施加伤害---常用在碰撞事件中.
- 这是一个用于绑定到6参数委托上的函数
- 将另外一个Actor尝试转换,如果另一个Actor是MyCharacter那就调用施加伤害的函数
- 参数:待受伤Actor,伤害数值,伤害施加者的控制器(为空可能来源于陷阱),伤害世家这,上海类型
- void AMyActor::BeingOverlapFunction(UPrimitiveComponent* OverlappedComponent,
- AActor* OtherActor,
- UPrimitiveComponent* OtherComp,
- int32 OtherBodyIndex,
- bool bFromSweep,
- const FHitResult& SweepResult)
- {
- AMyCharacter* MyCharacter = Cast(OtherActor);
- if(MyCharacter)
- {
- UGameplayStatics::ApplyDamage(MyCharacter,5.0f,nullptr,this,UDamageType::StaticClass());
- }
- }
复制代码 Timeline开关门
派生方式
Actor
头文件
- Components/BoxComponent.h
- Components/TimelineComponent.h
- MyCharacter.h(涉及类型转换,特定类型去触发)
声明
- FOnTimelineFloat TimelineDelegate;
- FOnTimelineEvent TimelineFinishedDelegate;
- UFUNCTION()
- void TimelineStart(float value);
- UFUNCTION()
- void TimelineFinished(float value);
- UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere,BlueprintReadWrite,Category = "MySceneComponent")
- USceneComponent* MyScene;
- UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere,BlueprintReadWrite,Category = "MySceneComponent")
- UStaticMeshComponent* MyStaticMesh;
- UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere,BlueprintReadWrite,Category ="MySceneComponent")
- UBoxComponent* MyBox;
- UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere,BlueprintReadWrite,Category = "MyCurve")
- UCurveFloat* MyCurveFloat;
- UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere,BlueprintReadWrite,Category = "MySceneComponet")
- UTimelineComponent* MyTimeline;
- UFUNCTION()
- void BeginOverlapFunction(
- UPrimitiveComponent* OverlappedComponent,
- AActor* OtherActor,
- UPrimitiveComponent* OtherComp,
- int32 OtherBodyIndex,
- bool bFromSweep,
- const FHitResult& SweepResult);
- UFUNCTION()
- void EndOverlapFunction(
- UPrimitiveComponent* OverlappedComponent,
- AActor* OtherActor,
- UPrimitiveComponent* OtherComp,
- int32 OtherBodyIndex);
复制代码 定义
- 构造函数初始化
- 创建并声明组件MyTimelineComponent,MySene,StaticMesh,Box
- 静态加载网格体
- 构建挂载层级
- 配置碰撞盒的大小,位置
- BeginPlay进行配置
- 将帧更新的回调绑定到TimelineStart函数
- 将播放完成的回调绑定到TimelineFinished函数
- 使用曲线去驱动浮点量
- 播放完就停,设置为不循环
- 设置未从0秒开始播放
- 设置立即开始播放
- 把播放结束回调给timeline
- 绑定两个回调函数到碰撞盒
- AMyTimelineActor::AMyTimelineActor()
- {
- // Set this actor to call Tick() every frame. You can turn this off to improve performance if you don't need it.
- PrimaryActorTick.bCanEverTick = true;
- MyTimeline = CreateDefaultSubobject<UTimelineComponent>(TEXT("MyTimelineComponent"));
- MyScene = CreateDefaultSubobject<USceneComponent>(TEXT("MySceneComponent"));
- MyStaticMesh = CreateDefaultSubobject<UStaticMeshComponent>(TEXT("MyStaticMeshComponent"));
- MyBox = CreateDefaultSubobject<UBoxComponent>(TEXT("MyBoxComponent"));
- static ConstructorHelpers::FObjectFinder<UStaticMesh>TmpStaticMesh(TEXT("资源引用"));
- if (TmpStaticMesh.Succeeded())
- {
- MyStaticMesh->SetStaticMesh(TmpStaticMesh.Object);
- }
- RootComponent = MyScene;
- MyStaticMesh->SetupAttachment(MyScene);
- MyBox->SetupAttachment(MyScene);
- MyBox->SetBoxExtent(FVector(200, 100, 100));
- MyBox->SetRelativeLocation(FVector(200, 0, 0));
- }
- void AMyTimelineActor::BeginPlay()
- {
- Super::BeginPlay();
- TimelineDelegate.BindUFunction(this, TEXT("TimelineStart"));
- TimelineFinishedDelegate.BindUFunction(this, TEXT("TimelineFinished"));
- MyTimeline->AddInterpFloat(MyCurveFloat, TimelineDelegate);
- MyTimeline->SetLooping(false);
- MyTimeline->PlayFromStart();
- MyTimeline->Play();
- MyTimeline->SetTimelineFinishedFunc(TimelineFinishedDelegate);
-
- MyBox->OnComponentBeginOverlap.AddDynamic(this, &AMyTimelineActor::BeginOverlapFunction);
- MyBox->OnComponentEndOverlap.AddDynamic(this, &AMyTimelineActor::EndOverlapFunction);
- }
复制代码 其他配置--待绑定函数的定义
- void AMyTimelineActor::TimelineStart(float value)
- {
- GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1, 5.0f, FColor::Red, TEXT("Timelineplay"));
- float YawRotation = FMath::Lerp(0, 90, value);
- MyStaticMesh->SetRelativeRotation(FRotator(0, YawRotation, 0));
- }
- void AMyTimelineActor::TimelineFinished(float value)
- {
- GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1, 5.0f, FColor::Red, TEXT("TimelineFinished"));
- }
- void AMyTimelineActor::BeginOverlapFunction(UPrimitiveComponent* OverlappedComponent, AActor* OtherActor,
- UPrimitiveComponent* OtherComp, int32 OtherBodyIndex, bool bFromSweep, const FHitResult& SweepResult)
- {
- AMyCharacter* TmpCharacter = Cast(OtherActor);
- if (TmpCharacter)
- {
- MyTimeline->PlayFromStart();
- }
- }
- void AMyTimelineActor::EndOverlapFunction(UPrimitiveComponent* OverlappedComponent, AActor* OtherActor,
- UPrimitiveComponent* OtherComp, int32 OtherBodyIndex)
- {
- AMyCharacter* TmpCharacter = Cast(OtherActor);
- if (TmpCharacter)
- {
- MyTimeline->ReverseFromEnd();
- }
- }
复制代码 射线检测
派生方式
Actor
声明
- FVector StartLocation;
- FVector ForwardVector;
- FVector EndLocation;
- FHitResult HitResult;
复制代码 使用
- 通道检测
- 需要起始点位置和起始点朝向,终点位置
- 进行Visibility通道的射线检测,命中单位写入HitResult中
- 如果命中了,就获取命中结果中的Actor,并抽取命中的表面点(ImpactPoint)
- void AMyCharacter::Tick(float DeltaTime)
- {
- Super::Tick(DeltaTime);
- StartLocation = MyCamera->GetComponentLocation();
- ForwardVector = MyCamera->GetForwardVector();
- EndLocation = StartLocation + ForwardVector * 9999;
- bool bHit = GetWorld()->LineTraceSingleByChannel(HitResult, StartLocation, EndLocation, ECC_Visibility);
- if (bHit)
- {
- AActor* HitActor = HitResult.GetActor();
- FVector ImpactPoint = HitResult.ImpactPoint;
- FVector HitLocation = HitResult.Location;
- GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1, 5.0f, FColor::Red, FString::Printf(TEXT("%s"), *HitActor->GetName()));
- }
- }
复制代码
- 对象检测
- 构建射线的发出点和方向,和重点位置
- 构建对象类型查询列表FCollisionObjectQueryParams实例
- 想列表添加类型
- void AMyCharacter::Tick(float DeltaTime)
- {
- Super::Tick(DeltaTime);
- StartLocation = MyCamera->GetComponentLocation();
- ForwardVector = MyCamera->GetForwardVector();
- EndLocation = StartLocation + ForwardVector * 9999;
- FCollisionObjectQueryParams objectType;
- objectType.AddObjectTypesToQuery(ECC_WorldDynamic);
- bool bHit2 = GetWorld()->LineTraceSingleByObjectType(HitResult, StartLocation, EndLocation, objectType);
- if (bHit2)
- {
- AActor* HitActor2 = HitResult.GetActor();
- FVector ImpactPoint2 = HitResult.ImpactPoint;
- FVector HitLocation2 = HitResult.Location;
- GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1, 5.0f, FColor::Red, FString::Printf(TEXT("%s"), *HitActor2->GetName()));
- }
- }
复制代码 多射线通道检测和对象检测
派生方式
Actor
声明
- //射线检测
- FVector StartLocation;
- FVector ForwardVector;
- FVector EndLocation;
- //多通道射线检测
- TArray<FHitResult> HitResults;
复制代码 使用
- void AMyCharacter::Tick(float DeltaTime)
- {
- Super::Tick(DeltaTime);
- StartLocation = MyCamera->GetComponentLocation();
- ForwardVector = MyCamera->GetForwardVector();
- EndLocation = StartLocation + ForwardVector * 9999;
- bool HitMulti = GetWorld()->LineTraceMultiByChannel(HitResults, StartLocation, EndLocation, ECC_Visibility);
- if (HitMulti)
- {
- for (int32 i = 0;i<HitResults.Num();i++)
- {
- AActor* HitMultiActor = HitResults[i].GetActor();
- FVector HitLocation = HitResults[i].Location;
- FVector HitImpactPoint = HitResults[i].ImpactPoint;
- GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1, 5.0f, FColor::Red, FString::Printf(TEXT("%s"), *HitMultiActor->GetName()));
- }
- }
- }
复制代码- void AMyCharacter::Tick(float DeltaTime)
- {
- Super::Tick(DeltaTime);
- StartLocation = MyCamera->GetComponentLocation();
- ForwardVector = MyCamera->GetForwardVector();
- EndLocation = StartLocation + ForwardVector * 9999;
- FCollisionObjectQueryParams objectType;
- objectType.AddObjectTypesToQuery(ECC_WorldStatic);
- bool HitMulti = GetWorld()->LineTraceMultiByObjectType(HitResults, StartLocation, EndLocation, ECC_Visibility);
- if (HitMulti)
- {
- for (int32 i =0;i<HitResults.Num();i++)
- {
- AActor* HitMultiActor = HitResults[i].GetActor();
- FVector HitLocation = HitResults[i].Location;
- FVector HitImpactPoint = HitResults[i].ImpactPoint;
- GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1, 5.0f, FColor::Red, FString::Printf(TEXT("%s"), *HitMultiActor->GetName()));
- }
- }
- }
复制代码 软引用和同异步资源加载
概念
UE提供了两种引用软引用和应引用
- 硬引用,拥有资源对象的属性,硬引用被加载在内存中,则被引用的资源也会被载入到内存,如直接的指针,或者TSubclassOf引用,或者组件子对象
- 软引用,仅存储资源路径,只有在需要时才会被加载到内存中。
派生方式
Actor->派生一个MySoftActor
头文件
声明
- UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere,BlueprintReadWrite,Category = "Path")
- FSoftObjectPath AssetObjectPath;
- UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere, BlueprintReadWrite, Category = "Path")
- FSoftClassPath AssetClassPath;
- UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere, BlueprintReadWrite, Category = "Path")
- TSoftObjectPtr AssetObjectPtr;
- UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere, BlueprintReadWrite, Category = "Path")
- TSoftClassPtr AssetClassPtr;
复制代码 使用
异步加载资源
- 初始化资源加载的路径
- 用指针存储待会要异步加载的资源的句柄但是暂时还不加载
- 通过句柄进行异步加载,仅在GetLoadedAsset()的时候才加载资源
- void AMySoftActor::BeginPlay()
- {
- Super::BeginPlay();
- FSoftObjectPath Path1 = TEXT("/Script/Engine.StaticMesh'/Game/StarterContent/Props/SM_Chair.SM_Chair'");
- TSharedPtr<FStreamableHandle>SyncStreamHandle = UAssetManager::GetStreamableManager().RequestAsyncLoad(Path1);
- if (SyncStreamHandle)
- {
- UTexture2D* Image1 = Cast<UTexture2D>(SyncStreamHandle->GetLoadedAsset());
- if (Image1)
- {
- GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1, 5.0f, FColor::Red, FString::Printf(TEXT("%s"), *Image1->GetName(())));
- }
- }
- }
复制代码 同步加载- void AMySoftActor::BeginPlay()
- {
- Super::BeginPlay();
- FSoftObjectPath Path2 = TEXT("/Script/Engine.StaticMesh'/Game/StarterContent/Props/SM_Chair.SM_Chair'");
- TSharedPtr<FStreamableHandle> SyncStreamHandle = UAssetManager::GetStreamableManager().RequestSyncLoad(Path2);
- if (SyncStreamHandle)
- {
- UTexture2D* Image2 = Cast<UTexture2D>(SyncStreamHandle->GetLoadedAsset());
- if (Image2)
- {
- GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1, 5.0f, FColor::Red, FString::Printf(TEXT("%s"), *Image2->GetName()));
- }
- }
- }
复制代码 UE共享指针和引用以及弱指针
派生方式
Actor->派生MySmartPtrActor
辅助工具
- class TestA
- {
- public:
- int a = 0;
- float b = 0;
- TestA()
- {
- a = 0;
- b = 0;
- };
- TestA(int a, float b)
- {
- this->a = a;
- this->b = b;
- }
- ~TestA()
- {
- UE_LOG(LogTemp, Warning, TEXT("xigou"));
- };
- };
复制代码 使用
共享指针
- 共享指针时可以初始化为空的并用MakeSharedable进行重新赋值。
- ESPMode::ThreadSafe可以用于创造线程安全的共享指针,本质上是让操作原子化,保证读取只能读取写入完的数据或者未写入的数据,不存在写了几个字节没写完的数据。
- %% 原始的指针需要手动delete %%
- TestA* ptr1 = new TestA(1,2.0f);
- %% 用裸指针左值赋值共享指针,可能会导致裸指针释放后共享指针再次释放 %%
- TSharedPtr<TestA> Sharedptr2(ptr1);
- ptr1 = nullptr;
- %% 共享指针右值初始化,资源在创建的时候理解被共享指针接管,无所有权歧义 %%
- TSharedPtr<TestA>Sharedptr3(new TestA(3, 4.0f));
- %% 拷贝构造函数初始化,同类数据左值传入 %%
- TSharedPtr<TestA>Sharedptr4(Sharedptr3);
- %% UE的方式初始化共享指针,共享指针时可以初始化未空的,通过MakeShareable再赋值 %%
- TSharedPtr<TestA>Sharedptr5 = nullptr;
- Sharedptr5 = MakeShareable(new TestA(5, 6.0f));
- %% 线程安全的共享指针 %%
- TSharedPtr<TestA, ESPMode::ThreadSafe>Sharedptr6(new TestA(7, 8.0f));
复制代码
- SharedRef创建一个共享引用。
- SharedPtr类的ToSharedRef方法可以创建指向数据的一个引用并返回
- SharedPtr类的GetSharedReferenceCount可以获取引用数
- IsUnique判断是否引用计数为1
- Get方法获取裸指针
- Reset()将指针充值为nullptr,并将引用计数减一。本质上来说是让此共享指针放弃所有权。
- if (Sharedptr5.IsValid())
- {
- TSharedRef<TestA>SharedRef1(new TestA(9, 10.0));
- SharedRef1 = Sharedptr5.ToSharedRef();
- int32 Count1 = Sharedptr5.GetSharedReferenceCount();//获取引用计数
- UE_LOG(LogTemp, Warning, TEXT("Count1 is %d"), Count1);
- if (!Sharedptr5.IsUnique())
- {
- UE_LOG(LogTemp, Warning, TEXT("sharedptr is not unique"));
- }
- Sharedptr5.Get()->a;//Get方法解引用。
- UE_LOG(LogTemp, Warning, TEXT("sharedptr is %d"), Sharedptr5.Get()->a);
- Sharedptr5.Reset();//把共享指针包裹的裸指针置为null。
- int32 Count2 = Sharedptr5.GetSharedReferenceCount();
- UE_LOG(LogTemp, Warning, TEXT("Count2 is %d"), Count2);
- }
复制代码 共享引用
- 类似于引用,是不存在空这种状态的。
- 底层实现和共享指针完全一样,所以还是用->解引用
- 共享引用转共享指针无开销
- %% 共享引用初始化时必须指向一个有效的对象 %%
- TSharedRef<TestA> SharedRef2(new TestA(7, 8.0f));
- if (SharedRef2.IsUnique())
- {
- %% 共享引用也用指针访问 %%
- SharedRef2->a;
- UE_LOG(LogTemp, Warning, TEXT("Sharedref2a is %"), SharedRef2->a);
- %% 共享引用->共享指针 %%
- TSharedPtr<TestA> SharedPtr6;
- SharedPtr6 = SharedRef2;
- SharedPtr6.Get()->b;
- UE_LOG(LogTemp, Warning, TEXT("Sharedptr6 b is %f"), SharedPtr6.Get()->b);
- }
复制代码 弱指针
- 弱指针用于循环引用,可以不占用引用计数
- 不能组织对象被销毁
- 在堆上创建一个数据并用共享指针指向。
- 创建一个引用,应用着堆上一个对象
- 声明弱指针,指向两个指针的数据,不拥有,只查看
- 判断对象是否存活,强引用计数大于0才存活
- Pin用于提升弱指针到强指针,只要pin时对象存在就会将引用计数加一并返回共享指针。
- %% 弱指针解决了循环引用,只对弱指针保留引用权,不增加引用计数 %%
- %% 不能阻止对象被销毁。 %%
- TSharedPtr<TestA>Sharedptr7 = MakeShareable(new TestA(10, 11.0f));
- TSharedRef<TestA>SharedRef3(new TestA(12, 13.0f));
- //声明弱指针
- TWeakPtr<TestA>WeakPtr1(Sharedptr7);
- TWeakPtr<TestA>WeakPtr2(SharedRef3);
- if (WeakPtr1.IsValid())
- {
- TSharedPtr<TestA>Sharedptr8(WeakPtr1.Pin());
- if (Sharedptr8.IsValid())
- {
- Sharedptr8.Get()->a;
- UE_LOG(LogTemp, Warning, TEXT("Sharedptr8a is %d"), Sharedptr8.Get()->a);
- }
- }
复制代码 常用函数
派生方式
这里用的Actor,但是并不重要,这里是函数的列表查看吧。
头文件
声明
- public:
- UFUNCTION(BlueprintCallable,Category="MyTestFunction")
- void MyOpenlevel();
- UFUNCTION(BlueprintCallable, Category = "MyTestFunction")
- void MyCurrentLevelName();
- UFUNCTION(BlueprintCallable, Category = "MyTestFunction")
- void MyQuitGame();
复制代码 定义
- BeginPlay
- GetAllActorOfClass():查找关卡世界中所有StaticClass类的对象并塞入OutActors容器。
- 遍历并输出容器中actor的名称
- MyOpenLevel
- MyCurrentLevelName
- MyQuitGame
- void AMyFunctionLibraryActor::BeginPlay()
- {
- Super::BeginPlay();
- TArrayOutActors;
- UGameplayStatics::GetAllActorsOfClass(GetWorld(), AActor::StaticClass(), OutActors);
- for (int32 i =0;i<OutActors.Num();i++)
- {
- UE_LOG(LogTemp, Warning, TEXT("Actor is %s"), *OutActors[i]->GetName());
- }
- }
- void AMyFunctionLibraryActor::MyOpenLevel()
- {
- UGameplayStatics::OpenLevel(GetWorld(), TEXT("关卡名称"));
- }
- void AMyFunctionLibraryActor::MyCurrentLevelName()
- {
- FString MyCurrentLevelName = UGameplayStatics::GetCurrentLevelName(GetWorld());
- GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1, 5.0f, FColor::Red, FString::Printf(TEXT("MyCurrentLevelName is %s"), *MyCurrentLevelName));
- }
- void AMyFunctionLibraryActor::MyQuitGame()
- {
- UGameplayStatics::GetPlayerController(GetWorld(), 0)->ConsoleCommand("quit");
- }
复制代码 字符串操作
派生方式
Actor->派生MyStringActor
头文件
- Kismet/KismetStringLibrary.h
使用
- %% 查找字符串是否包含指定字符。 %%
- bool isFind1 = MyString.Contains("b", ESearchCase::IgnoreCase, ESearchDir::FromStart);
- bool isFind2 = UKismetStringLibrary::Contains(MyString, "b", ESearchCase::CaseSensitive, ESearchDir::FromStart);
复制代码- bool isFind3 = MyString.Equals("123");
复制代码- FString MyString2 = MyString.Append("OBJ");
复制代码- int32 Num = MyString.Len();
- int32 Num2 = UKismetStringLibrary::Len(MyString);
复制代码- bool isEmpty = MyString.IsEmpty();
复制代码- FString MyChildString = UKismetStringLibrary::GetSubstring(MyString,0,3);
复制代码- int32 Index1 = UKismetStringLibrary::FindSubstring(MyString,"123",false,false,0);
复制代码- int32 Index2 = UKismetStringLibrary::GetCharacterAsNumber(MyString,0);
复制代码- TArray<FString>MyArrayString;
- MyArrayString = UKismetStringLibrary::GetCharacterArrayFromString(MyString);
复制代码- FString MyUpperString = MyString.ToUpper();
复制代码- FString MyLowerString = MyString.ToLower();
复制代码- FString MyLeftpadString = MyString.LeftPad(3);
- FString MyRightpadString = MyString.RightPad(3);
复制代码- bool IsNumber = MyString.IsNumeric();
复制代码- bool isStart = MyString.StartsWith("abcd",ESearchCase::IgnoreCase);
- bool isEnd = MyString.EndsWith("1234",ESearchCase::IgnoreCase);
复制代码- UKismetStringLibrary::Replace(MyString,"a","$",ESearchCase::IgnoreCase);
复制代码- UKismetStringLibrary::Left(MyString,2);
- UKismetStringLibrary::Right(MyString,2);
复制代码
- 返回最左边或者最右边给定的字符数,从末尾切掉给定数量的字符
- UKismetStringLibrary::LeftChop(MyString,1);
- UKismetStringLibrary::RightChop(MyString,2);
复制代码- UKismetStringLibrary::Mid(MyString,2,3);
复制代码- FString Left;
- FString Right;
- MyString.Split("_",&Left,&Right,ESearchCase::IgnoreCase,ESearchDir::FromStart);
复制代码
- 从分割符划分的元字符中获取字符串数组,并可选择剔除空字符
- TArray<FString> MyStringArrayParse;
- MyString.ParseIntoArray(MyStringArrayParse,TEXt("_"),true);
- for(auto TestArray:MyStringArrayParse){
- GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1,5.0f,FColor::Red,FString::Printf(TEXT("%s"),*TestArray));
- }
复制代码 动态材质实例
派生方式
Actor->MyMaterialActor
头文件
- "Components/StaticMeshComponent.h"
- "UObject/ConstructorHelpers.h"
声明
- UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere,BlueprintReadOnly,Category="MySceneComponent")
- class USceneComponent* MyScene;
- UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere,BlueprintReadOnly,Category="MySceneComponent")
- class UStaticMeshComponent* MyMesh;
- UMaterialInstanceDynamic* DynamicMaterial;
复制代码 定义
- AMyMaterialActor
- 创建组件USceneComponent,和StaticMeshComponent并命名和挂载
- 通过FObjectfinder同步加载网格资源到网格体组件上
- BeginPlay()
- beginplay是运行时了,这里是运行时加载一个资产并生成材质
- 为网格体贴上材质并生成一个材质句柄返回
- 调整材质的两个参数
- AMyMaterialActor::AMyMaterialActor()
- {
- // Set this actor to call Tick() every frame. You can turn this off to improve performance if you don't need it.
- PrimaryActorTick.bCanEverTick = true;
- MyScene = CreateDefaultSubobject<USceneComponent>(TEXT("MyCustomScene"));
- MyMesh = CreateDefaultSubobject<UStaticMeshComponent>(TEXT("MyCustomStaticMesh"));
- RootComponent = MyScene;
- MyMesh->SetupAttachment(MyScene);
- static ConstructorHelpers::FObjectFinder<UStaticMesh>TempStaticMesh(TEXT("/Script/Engine.StaticMesh'/Game/StarterContent/Shapes/Shape_TriPyramid.Shape_TriPyramid'"));
- MyMesh->SetStaticMesh(TempStaticMesh.Object);
- }
- // Called when the game starts or when spawned
- void AMyMaterialActor::BeginPlay()
- {
- Super::BeginPlay();
- UMaterialInterface* Material = LoadObject<UMaterialInterface>(nullptr, TEXT("/Script/Engine.Material'/Game/M_testMaterial.M_testMaterial'"));
- DynamicMaterial = MyMesh->CreateDynamicMaterialInstance(0, Material);
- DynamicMaterial->SetVectorParameterValue("BaseColor", FLinearColor::Red);
- DynamicMaterial->SetScalarParameterValue("BaseMetallic", 1);
- }
复制代码 文件操作
派生方式
BlueprintFunctionLibrary->派生
头文件
- "Engine/Engine.h"
- "Misc/FileHelper.h"
- Runtime/Core/Public/HAL/FileManagerGeneric.h(处理文件夹)
声明
- public:
- UFUNCTION(BlueprintCallable, Category="File")
- static bool LoadStringFromFIle(FString FilePath, FString& ResultString);
- UFUNCTION(BlueprintCallable, Category="File")
- static bool WriteStringToFile(TArray<FString>SaveFile, FString FIlePath);
- UFUNCTION(BlueprintCallable,Category="File")
- static FString GetFilePath(FString Path);
- UFUNCTION(BlueprintCallable,Category = "File")
- static FString GetFileName(FString InPath,bool bRemoveForwardPath);
- UFUNCTION(BlueprintCallable,Category="File")
- static FString GetFileExtension(FString InPath, bool bIncludeDot);
- UFUNCTION(BlueprintCallable,Category="File")
- static void CreateFolder(FString FolderName);
- UFUNCTION(BlueprintCallable, Category="FIle")
- static void RemoveFolder(FString FolderName);
- UFUNCTION(BlueprintCallable,Category="FIle")
- static bool MoveFileTo(FString To, FString From);
- UFUNCTION(BlueprintCallable,Category="File")
- static TArray<FString> FindFileFolder(FString Path,FString FileType,bool Files,bool Folders);
复制代码 定义
- bool UMyBlueprintFunctionLibrary::LoadStringFromFIle(FString FilePath, FString& ResultString)
- {
- if (!FilePath.IsEmpty())
- {
- if (FFileHelper::LoadFileToString(ResultString,*FilePath))
- {
- return true;
- }
- else
- {
- GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1, 5.0f, FColor::Red, TEXT("error"));
- }
- }
- return false;
- }
- bool UMyBlueprintFunctionLibrary::WriteStringToFile(TArray<FString>SaveFile, FString FIlePath)
- {
- if (!FIlePath.IsEmpty())
- {
- if (FFileHelper::SaveStringArrayToFile(SaveFile,*FIlePath))
- {
- return true;
- }
- else
- {
- GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1, 5.0f, FColor::Red, TEXT("error"));
- }
- }
- return false;
- }
- FString UMyBlueprintFunctionLibrary::GetFilePath(FString Path)
- {
- FString result;
- result = FPaths::GetPath(*Path);
- return result;
- }
- FString UMyBlueprintFunctionLibrary::GetFileName(FString InPath, bool bRemoveForwardPath)
- {
- return FPaths::GetBaseFilename(*InPath, bRemoveForwardPath);
- }
- FString UMyBlueprintFunctionLibrary::GetFileExtension(FString InPath, bool bIncludeDot)
- {
- return FPaths::GetExtension(*InPath, bIncludeDot);
- }
- void UMyBlueprintFunctionLibrary::CreateFolder(FString FolderName)
- {
- FString Path = FPaths::ProjectContentDir() / *FolderName;
- FPlatformFileManager::Get().GetPlatformFile().CreateDirectoryTree(*Path);
- }
- void UMyBlueprintFunctionLibrary::RemoveFolder(FString FolderName)
- {
- FString Path1 = FPaths::ProjectContentDir() / *FolderName;
- FPlatformFileManager::Get().GetPlatformFile().DeleteDirectoryRecursively(*Path1);
- }
- bool UMyBlueprintFunctionLibrary::MoveFileTo(FString To, FString From)
- {
- return IFileManager::Get().Move(*To, *From);
- }
- TArray<FString> UMyBlueprintFunctionLibrary::FindFileFolder(FString Path, FString FileType, bool Files, bool Folders)
- {
- TArray<FString> OutPathList;
- OutPathList.Empty();
- FFileManagerGeneric::Get().FindFilesRecursive(OutPathList, *Path, *FileType, Files, Folders);
- return OutPathList;
- }
复制代码 Delay实现函数
派生方式
Actor->MyMaterialActor
头文件
- Kismet/KismetSystemLibrary.h
声明
- public:
- UFUNCTION()
- void DelayFunctionFinish();
复制代码 使用
- UE通过this指针和DelayFunctionFinish这个字符串反射找到UFunction中AMyMaterialActor:
elayFunctionFinish方法,再在Delay中延时回调。
- 我只能说UE为了兼容蓝图整的操作真心有点看不懂。
- void AMyMaterialActor::BeginPlay()
- {
- Super::BeginPlay();
- const FLatentActionInfo LatentInfo(0, FMath::Rand(), TEXT("DelayFunctionFinish"), this);
- UKismetSystemLibrary::Delay(this,1.0f ,LatentInfo);
- }
复制代码 其他配置--待回调函数
- void AMyMaterialActor::DelayFunctionFinish()
- {
- GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1, 5.0f, FColor::Red, TEXT("Delay Finished"));
- }
复制代码 Destory
派生方式
Actor-->MyActor
头文件
无
使用
- void AMyActor::BeingOverlapFunction(
- UPrimitiveComponent* OverlappedComponent,
- AActor* OtherActor,
- UPrimitiveComponent* OtherComp,
- int32 OtherBodyIndex,
- bool bFromSweep,
- const FHitResult& SweepResult)
- {
- Destory();
- }
复制代码- void AMyActor::BeingOverlapFunction(
- UPrimitiveComponent* OverlappedComponent,
- AActor* OtherActor,
- UPrimitiveComponent* OtherComp,
- int32 OtherBodyIndex,
- bool bFromSweep,
- const FHitResult& SweepResult)
- {
- MyParticle->DestroyComponent();
- }
复制代码 JSON文件解析
引入模块
- PrivateDependencyModuleNames.AddRange(new string[]{"Json","JsonUtilities"});
复制代码 派生方式
BlueprintFunctionLibrary-->MyBlueprintFunctionLibrary
声明
- UFUNCTION(BlueprintCallable,Category="Json")
- static void ReadJson(FString JsonValueString);
- UFUNCTION(BlueprintCallable,Category = "JsonToMap")
- static TMap<FString, FString> JsonToMap(FString JsonValueString);
- UFUNCTION(BlueprintCallable,Category = "MapToJson")
- static FString MapToJson(TMap<FString, FString> InMap);
复制代码 定义
读取Json
- JSonReaderFactory::Create是一个工厂函数,返回一个FString的Json读取器
- 创建一个根对象,并对读取器进行反序列化到根对象上。
- 利用根对象获取其中的数据。
- void UMyBlueprintFunctionLibrary::ReadJson(FString JsonValueString)
- {
- TSharedRef<TJsonReader<TCHAR>> JsonReader = TJsonReaderFactory<TCHAR>::Create(JsonValueString);//通过jsonreader工厂创建一个解析器
- TSharedPtr<FJsonObject> JsonObject;
- bool isOk = FJsonSerializer::Deserialize(JsonReader, JsonObject);
- if (isOk)
- {
- int32 code = JsonObject->GetIntegerField("code");
- FString msg = JsonObject->GetStringField("msg");
- TSharedPtr<FJsonObject> DataObject = JsonObject->GetObjectField("data");
- FString MyUserName = DataObject->GetStringField("username");
- FString MyUserID = DataObject->GetStringField("userid");
- FString MyToken = DataObject->GetStringField("token");
- GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1, 5.0f, FColor::Red, FString::Printf(TEXT("%d"), code));
- GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1, 5.0f, FColor::Red, FString::Printf(TEXT("%s"), *msg));
- GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1, 5.0f, FColor::Red, FString::Printf(TEXT("%s"), *MyUserName));
- }
- }
复制代码 JsonToMap
- 使用json工厂函数创建json读取器,并序列化创建根对象。
- 创建一个数据结构,将对象的key作为key,用指针直接指向对象中的数据。
- 遍历数据结构,并通过指向对象中数据的指针取数据,并添加到结果中。
- TMap<FString, FString> UMyBlueprintFunctionLibrary::JsonToMap(FString JsonValueString)
- {
- TMap<FString, FString> result;
- TSharedRef<TJsonReader<TCHAR>> JsonReader = TJsonReaderFactory<TCHAR>::Create(JsonValueString);
- TSharedPtr<FJsonObject> JsonObject;
- bool isOk = FJsonSerializer::Deserialize(JsonReader, JsonObject);
- if (isOk)
- {
- TMap<FString, TSharedPtr<FJsonValue>> keys = JsonObject->Values;
- for (auto currJson = keys.CreateIterator();currJson;++currJson)
- {
- FString key = (*currJson).Key;
- FString value = JsonObject->GetStringField(key);
- result.Add(key, value);
- }
- }
- return result;
- }
复制代码 MapToJson
- 用一个工厂函数创建一个写入器并指定写入的目标。
- 创建一个数组存放keys,通过遍历数组,获取key对应的value,并将key和value写入字符串中。
- TCondensedJsonPrintPolicy是压缩策略(不缩进,不换行,体积最小,最不可读),TPrettyJsonPrintPolicy会带缩进。
- FString UMyBlueprintFunctionLibrary::MapToJson(TMap<FString, FString> InMap)
- {
- FString JsonStr;
- TSharedRef<TJsonWriter<TCHAR, TCondensedJsonPrintPolicy<TCHAR>>>JsonWriter = TJsonWriterFactory<TCHAR, TCondensedJsonPrintPolicy<TCHAR>> ::Create(&JsonStr);
- JsonWriter->WriteObjectStart();
- TArray<FString> keys;
- InMap.GetKeys(keys);
- for (size_t i=0;i<keys.Num();i++)
- {
- FString* value = InMap.Find(keys[i]);
- JsonWriter->WriteValue(keys[i], *value);
- }
- JsonWriter->WriteObjectEnd();
- JsonWriter->Close();
- return JsonStr;
- }
复制代码 其他配置
实例json- {
- "code":200,
- "msg":"成功",
- "data":{
- "username":"zhangsan",
- "userid":'123456',
- "token":"adadadsdawdsadw47dad2sd5a4d"
- }
- }
复制代码 GameInstanceSubsystem
派生方式
GameInstanceSubsystem--->MyGameInstanceSubsystem(本质上就是一个全局的单例)
头文件
无
声明
- public:
- virtual bool ShouldCreateSubsystem(UObject* Outer) const override;
- virtual void Initialize(FSubsystemCollectionBase& Collection) override;
- virtual void Deinitialize() override;
- static UMyGameInstanceSubsystem* MyInstanceSubsystem;
- UFUNCTION(BlueprintCallable, Category= "MyTestSubsystem")
- static UMyGameInstanceSubsystem* Get();
- UFUNCTION(BlueprintCallable,Category = "MyTestSubsystem")
- void StartThread();
- UFUNCTION(BlueprintCallable, Category = "MyTestSubsystem")
- void StopThread();
复制代码 定义
- Subsystem用单例实现,单例不需要构造方法,它需要一个指向自己的指针MyInstanceSubsystem并设置为nullptr。
- shouldCreateSubsystem,Initialize,Deinitialize方法。并在初始化中将本实例赋值给指向自己的指针。这三个函数由UE引擎负责调用(因为gamemode和level是关卡级的,而gameinstance和subsystem是游戏级的),游戏开始根据前者决定是否init,游戏结束调用deinit。
- UMyGameInstanceSubsystem* UMyGameInstanceSubsystem::MyInstanceSubsystem = nullptr;
- bool UMyGameInstanceSubsystem::ShouldCreateSubsystem(UObject* Outer) const
- {
- return true;
- }
- void UMyGameInstanceSubsystem::Initialize(FSubsystemCollectionBase& Collection)
- {
- Super::Initialize(Collection);
- MyInstanceSubsystem = this;
- UE_LOG(LogTemp, Warning, TEXT("Initialize MyGameInstance MySubsystem"));
- }
- void UMyGameInstanceSubsystem::Deinitialize()
- {
- Super::Deinitialize();
- UE_LOG(LogTemp,Warning,TEXT("Deinitialize MyGameInstance MySubsystem"))
- }
- UMyGameInstanceSubsystem* UMyGameInstanceSubsystem::Get()
- {
- return MyInstanceSubsystem;
- }
- void UMyGameInstanceSubsystem::StartThread()
- {
- UE_LOG(LogTemp, Warning, TEXT("StartThread MyGameInstanceSubsystems"));
- }
- void UMyGameInstanceSubsystem::StopThread()
- {
- UE_LOG(LogTemp, Warning, TEXT("StopThread MyGameInstanceSubsystems"));
- }
复制代码 多线程--FRunnable和FRunnableThread
派生方式
None-->MyRunnable,并将方法和类前加上F前缀。并让类继承自FRunnable- class COOPGAME_API FMyRunnable:public FRunnable
- {
- public:
- FMyRunnable();
- ~FMyRunnable();
- };
复制代码 GameInstance
头文件
- MyRunnable
- HAL/Runnable.h
- HAL/ThreadSafeBool.h
- MyGameInstanceSubsystem.h(Subsystem是进程级的,常用在多线程中)
- MyGameInstanceSubsystem
声明
MyRunnable
将一个FRunnable类派生的线程对象传入FRunnableThread::Create(),这个对象会自动调用其Init的函数,再根据init函数结果的真假决定调用Run函数与否(所以需要重载)- public:
- FMyRunnable();
- FMyRunnable(FString InThreadName);
- ~FMyRunnable();
- virtual bool Init() override;
- virtual uint32 Run() override;
- virtual void Stop() override;
- virtual void Exit() override;
- FString ThreadName;
- bool IsRunning;
复制代码 MyGameInstanceSubsystem
- protected:
- TSharedPtr<FMyRunnable> MyRunnable;
- FRunnableThread* MyRunnableThread;
复制代码 定义
MyRunnable
MyRunnable这个类,负责多线程需要执行的一个函数,类似于单独存在的线程(消息队列).
- Run方法
- 调整InRunning并进入循环,每三秒获取一次单例对象Instance。
- FMyRunnable::FMyRunnable()
- {
- UE_LOG(LogTemp,Warning,TEXT("Constructor Function0"))
- }
- FMyRunnable::FMyRunnable(FString InThreadName):ThreadName(InThreadName)
- {
- UE_LOG(LogTemp, Warning, TEXT("Constructor Function1"))
- }
- FMyRunnable::~FMyRunnable()
- {
- UE_LOG(LogTemp, Warning, TEXT("DeConstructor Function0"))
- }
- bool FMyRunnable::Init()
- {
- UE_LOG(LogTemp, Warning, TEXT("Init Runnable "));
- return true;
- }
- uint32 FMyRunnable::Run()
- {
- IsRunning = true;
- while (IsRunning)
- {
- FPlatformProcess::Sleep(3.0);
- UMyGameInstanceSubsystem* Instance = UMyGameInstanceSubsystem::Get();
- if (Instance)
- {
- UE_LOG(LogTemp, Warning, TEXT("Run Thread"));
- }
- }
- return uint32();
- }
- void FMyRunnable::Stop()
- {
- IsRunning = false;
- UE_LOG(LogTemp, Warning, TEXT("Stop Thread"));
- }
- void FMyRunnable::Exit()
- {
- UE_LOG(LogTemp,Warning,TEXT("Exit Thread"))
- }
复制代码 MyGameInstanceSubsystem
MyGameInstanceSubsystem负责线程的创建,以及线程中运行的功能。
- StartThread
- 通过FMyRunnable的构造方法创建一个对象
- 使用FRunnableThread::Create(线程体,线程名),将一个FRunnable类派生的线程对象传入FRunnableThread::Create(),这个对象会自动调用其Init的函数,再根据init函数结果的真假决定调用Run函数与否(所以需要重载)
- StopThread()
- 在线程对象合法时停止线程
- 在线程池合法时等待线程结束并删除线程,并将线程置为null.
- void UMyGameInstanceSubsystem::StartThread()
- {
- //创建对象
- MyRunnable = MakeShared<FMyRunnable>(TEXT("MyRunnable"));
- //创建线程
- MyRunnableThread = FRunnableThread::Create(MyRunnable.Get(),*(MyRunnable->ThreadName));
- UE_LOG(LogTemp, Warning, TEXT("StartThread MyGameInstanceSubsystems"));
- }
- void UMyGameInstanceSubsystem::StopThread()
- {
- if (MyRunnable.IsValid())
- {
- MyRunnable->Stop();
- }
- if (MyRunnableThread)
- {
- MyRunnableThread->WaitForCompletion();
- delete MyRunnableThread;
- MyRunnableThread = nullptr;
- }
- UE_LOG(LogTemp, Warning, TEXT("StopThread MyGameInstanceSubsystems"));
- }
复制代码 多线程--AsyncTask
派生方式
None-->FMyAsyncTask
Actor-->MyAsyncTestActor(测试用)
头文件
FMyAsyncTask
- Async/AsyncWork.h
MyAsyncTestActor
- FMyAsyncTask.h
声明
- FNonAbandonableTask告诉线程池,此任务不可以被取消,必须dowork完才嗯释放
- 通过友元声明将此类列入到线程管家(估计也是某个类)的友元中,让它可以访问此类的私有和受保护方法。
- FORCENOINLINE用于强制要求编译器不可以使用内联策略(如某个函数只有一行代码运算,编译器通过内联策略,将这个函数取消替换成一行别的代码,提升了性能,但也无法从堆栈分析调试了)
- RETURN_QUICK_DECLARE_CYCLE_STAT本质上就是返回此函数的一个生成的id(程序运行前就创建了)用于计时此线程的耗时。(两个参数分别是任务名称和任务ID)
- class COOPGAME_API FMyAsyncTask : public FNonAbandonableTask
- {
- friend class FAutoDeleteAsyncTask<FMyAsyncTask>;
- public:
- FMyAsyncTask();
- ~FMyAsyncTask();
- public:
- void DoWork();
- FORCENOINLINE TStatId GetStatId() const
- {
- RETURN_QUICK_DECLARE_CYCLE_STAT(FMyAsyncTask,STATGROUP_ThreadPoolAsyncTasks);
- }
- FORCENOINLINE static const TCHAR* GetTaskName()
- {
- return TEXT("FMyAsyncTask");
- }
- };
复制代码 定义
- FMyAsyncTask::~FMyAsyncTask()
- {
- UE_LOG(LogTemp, Warning, TEXT("AsyncTask End>>>>>>>>>>>>>>"));
- }
- void FMyAsyncTask::DoWork()
- {
- UE_LOG(LogTemp,Warning,TEXT("AsyncTask Start>>>>>>>>"));
- for (int32 i=0;i<1000;i++)
- {
- UE_LOG(LogTemp, Warning, TEXT("i=%d"),i);
- }
- }
复制代码 多线程--Async
派生方式
Actor-->MyAsyncTaskActor
头文件
Async/Async.h
使用
- void AMyAsyncTaskActor::BeginPlay()
- {
- Super::BeginPlay();
- FAutoDeleteAsyncTask<FMyAsyncTask>* MyTask = new FAutoDeleteAsyncTask<FMyAsyncTask>();
- MyTask->StartBackgroundTask();//异步线程
- // MyTask->StartSynchronousTask();//当前线程
- }
复制代码 多线程--综述
- AsyncTask:是一个模板类,创建按在后台线程运行的任务,它可以在任务完成后自动删除自己,很适合用于创建按一次性的异步任务。例如用于加载资源,或者进行一次复杂的计算,或者http请求后端资源。
- Async:是一个函数,用于后台线程运行一个Lambda表达式,很适合创建简单的异步任务,如加载资源和一次复杂的计算。
- FRunnable:是一个接口,用于创建一个在单独线程上运行的任务,它需要手动管理生命周期,适合复杂任务。例如WebSocket做与后端的长连接,长时间任务。
编码处理--Base64
我现在感觉之前网上到处找第三方实现的我像个傻叉,不过我感觉也不怪我,U++相关的api介绍真的挺少,官方的API介绍太简洁且API又太多,谁会乐意每次差一个api等半天浏览器响应呢?
声明
- void AMyAsyncTaskActor::BeginPlay()
- {
- Super::BeginPlay();
- Async(EAsyncExecution::ThreadPool, []
- {
- for (int32 i = 0; i < 1000; ++i)
- {
- UE_LOG(LogTemp, Warning, TEXT("i=%d"), i);
- }
- });
-
- }
复制代码 定义
- //字符串到base64
- UFUNCTION(BlueprintPure, Category = "CommonLibrary")
- static FString StringToBase64Encode(const FString& Source);
- //字节到base64
- UFUNCTION(BlueprintPure, Category = "CommonLibrary")
- static FString BytesToBase64Encode(const TArray<uint8>& Source);
- //Bas64到字符串
- UFUNCTION(BlueprintPure, Category = "CommonLibrary")
- static bool Base64DecodeFString(const FString& Source,FString& Dest);
- //Bas64到字节
- UFUNCTION(BlueprintPure, Category = "CommonLibrary")
- static bool Base64DecodeBytes(const FString& Source,TArray<uint8>& Dest);
复制代码 编码处理--URL
头文件
GenericPlatform/GenericPlatfoormHttp.h
模块引入
http
声明
- FString UFileSystemBPLibrary::StringToBase64Encode(const FString& Source)
- {
- return FBase64::Encode(Source);
- }
- FString UFileSystemBPLibrary::BytesToBase64Encode(const TArray<uint8>& Source)
- {
- return FBase64::Encode(Source);
- }
- bool UFileSystemBPLibrary::Base64DecodeFString(const FString& Source, FString& Dest)
- {
- return FBase64::Decode(Source, Dest);
- }
- bool UFileSystemBPLibrary::Base64DecodeBytes(const FString& Source, TArray<uint8>& Dest)
- {
- return FBase64::Decode(Source, Dest);
- }
复制代码 定义
- UFUNCTION(BlueprintPure,Category = "CommonLibrary")
- static FString URLEncode(const FString& Source);
- UFUNCTION(BlueprintPure,Category = "CommonLibrary")
- static FString URLDecode(const FString& Source);
复制代码 编码处理--MD5
声明
- FString UFileSystemBPLibrary::URLEncode(const FString& Source)
- {
- return FGenericPlatformHttp::UrlEncode(Source);
- }
- FString UFileSystemBPLibrary::URLDecode(const FString& Source)
- {
- return FGenericPlatformHttp::UrlDecode(Source);
- }
复制代码 定义
- UFUNCTION(BlueprintPure,Category = "CommonFunctionLibrary")
- static FString MD5Encode(const FString& Source);
复制代码 时间戳
声明
- FString UFileSystemBPLibrary::MD5Encode(const FString& Source)
- {
- return FMD5::HashAnsiString(*Source);
- }
复制代码 定义
- //获得UTC时间戳
- UFUNCTION(BlueprintPure,Category = "CommonLibrary")
- static FString GetUTCTimestamp();
- //UTC毫秒级13位时间戳
- UFUNCTION(BlueprintPure,Category = "CommonLibrary")
- static FString GetMillUTCTimestamp();
- //RFC1123时间和时区表示
- UFUNCTION(BlueprintPure,Category = "CommonFunctionLibrary")
- static FString GetUTCRFC1123();
复制代码 单例设计
概念
让一个类有且仅有一个实例,提供一个访问该实例的节点,仅在首次请求单例对象时进行初始化。
方案
将默认构造函数设为私有,放置其他对象使用单例类的new运算符。新建一个静态构造方法作为构造函数。
派生方式
UObject---->SingletonObject
声明
- 在类中定义一个指向本类的指针用private藏好,并初始化为nullptr。
- 定义获取instance方法,进行首次的初始化。
- 用static进行修饰让USingletonObject指针存放的值在此类中唯一化,即此类只能存在一个这个值,怎么new都只有一个。如果不适用static修饰需要参考原始的C++方式(手动删除构造方法,拷贝构造方法,赋值构造方法)
- FString UFileSystemBPLibrary::GetUTCTimestamp()
- {
- FString TImestamp;
- FDateTime Time = FDateTime::UtcNow();
- int64 unixTimestamp = Time.ToUnixTimestamp();
- TImestamp = FString::Printf(TEXT("%lld"), unixTimestamp);
- return TImestamp;
- }
- FString UFileSystemBPLibrary::GetMillUTCTimestamp()
- {
- FDateTime CurrentTime = FDateTime::UtcNow();
- int64 TimestampMillSeconds = CurrentTime.ToUnixTimestamp() * 1000 + CurrentTime.GetMillisecond();
- FString MillTimestamp;
- MillTimestamp = FString::Printf(TEXT("%lld"), TimestampMillSeconds);
- return MillTimestamp;
- }
- FString UFileSystemBPLibrary::GetUTCRFC1123()
- {
- return FDateTime::UtcNow().ToHttpDate();
- }
复制代码 定义
- public:
- UFUNCTION(BlueprintCallable)
- static USingletonObject* GetSingletonObjectInstance();
- UFUNCTION(BlueprintCallable)
- void SetValue(int32 NewValue);
- UFUNCTION(BlueprintCallable)
- int32 GetValue();
- private:
- static USingletonObject* SingletonObject;
- int32 value;
复制代码 简单工厂设计
概念
向一个工厂类传入参数就能创建来源于Prototype抽象类的其他类。
方案
- 创建抽象Prototype类
- 基于Prototype派生具体类
- 创建工厂类,通过静态方法根据传入不通的参数从而创建不通的派生类实例。
派生方式
- UObject---->
rotoTypeObject
- ProtoTypeObject--->MyProductA
- ProtoTypeObject--->MyProductB
- UObject---->FactoryObject
- Actor---->FactorActor(测试与使用)
头文件
FactoryObject
FactorActor
- ProtoTypeObject.h
- FactoryObject.h
- MyProductA.h
- MyProductB.h
声明与定义
ProtoTypeObject
- 需指定UCLASS为Abstract,抽象类,
- 通过virtual创建接口。
- USingletonObject* USingletonObject::SingletonObject = nullptr;
- USingletonObject* USingletonObject::GetSingletonObjectInstance()
- {
- if (SingletonObject == nullptr)
- {
- SingletonObject = NewObject<USingletonObject>();
- }
- return SingletonObject;
- }
- void USingletonObject::SetValue(int32 NewValue)
- {
- value = NewValue;
- }
- int32 USingletonObject::GetValue()
- {
- return value;
- }
复制代码 ProductA和B
- UCLASS(Abstract)
- class COOPGAME_API UProtoTypeObject : public UObject
- {
- GENERATED_BODY()
- public:
- virtual void ShowInfo() { UE_LOG(LogTemp, Warning, TEXT("ProtoTypeObject")) };
- };
复制代码 FactoryObject
- 传入一个兼容的类对象的指针用于存放产品对象
- 传入要生产的产品类
- //ProductA
- public:
- virtual void ShowInfo() override{UE_LOG(LogTemp,Warning,TEXT("This is ProductA"))};
-
-
- //ProductB
- public:
- virtual void ShowInfo() override{UE_LOG(LogTemp,Warning,TEXT("This is ProductB"))};
复制代码 使用
- public:
- static UProtoTypeObject* CreateNewProduct(UObject* Outer, TSubclassOf<UProtoTypeObject> ProductClass)
- {
- return NewObject<UProtoTypeObject>(Outer, ProductClass);
- };
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