FastAPI测试策略：参数解析单元测试
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第一章：核心测试方法论
1.1 三层测试体系架构
# 第一层：模型级测试
def test_user_model_validation():
with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
User(age=-5)
# 第二层：依赖项测试
def test_auth_dependency():
assert auth_dependency(valid_token).status == "active"
# 第三层：端点集成测试
def test_user_endpoint():
response = client.get("/users/1")
assert response.json()["id"] == 11.2 参数化测试模式
import pytest
@pytest.mark.parametrize("input,expected", [
("admin", 200),
("guest", 403),
("invalid", 401)
])
def test_role_based_access(input, expected):
response = client.get(
"/admin",
headers={"X-Role": input}
)
assert response.status_code == expected第二章：请求模拟技术
2.1 多协议请求构造
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
def test_multi_part_form():
response = TestClient(app).post(
"/upload",
files={"file": ("test.txt", b"content")},
data={"name": "test"}
)
assert response.status_code == 201
def test_graphql_query():
response = client.post(
"/graphql",
json={"query": "query { user(id:1) { name } }"}
)
assert "errors" not in response.json()2.2 动态Header注入
class AuthTestClient(TestClient):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.token = generate_test_token()
def get(self, url, **kwargs):
headers = kwargs.setdefault("headers", {})
headers.setdefault("Authorization", f"Bearer {self.token}")
return super().get(url, **kwargs)
test_client = AuthTestClient(app)第三章：Pydantic深度测试
3.1 自定义验证器测试
def test_custom_validator():
with pytest.raises(ValidationError) as excinfo:
Product(stock=-10)
assert "库存不能为负" in str(excinfo.value)
def test_regex_validation():
valid = {"email": "test@example.com"}
invalid = {"email": "invalid-email"}
assert EmailRequest(**valid)
with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
EmailRequest(**invalid)3.2 模型继承测试
class BaseUserTest:
@pytest.fixture
def model_class(self):
return BaseUser
class TestAdminUser(BaseUserTest):
@pytest.fixture
def model_class(self):
return AdminUser
def test_admin_privilege(self, model_class):
user = model_class(role="super_admin")
assert user.has_privilege("all")第四章：测试覆盖率优化
4.1 边界条件覆盖策略
# 使用hypothesis生成测试数据from hypothesis import given, strategies as st@given(st.integers(min_value=0, max_value=150))def test_age_validation(age): assert 0
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