PostgreSQL patroni 高可用 1：ectd 安装和配置
PostgreSQL patroni高可用PostgreSQL patroni 高可用 1：ectd 安装和配置
PostgreSQL patroni 高可用 2：patroni安装和配置
PostgreSQL patroni 高可用 3：patroni 运维
PostgreSQL patroni 高可用 1：etcd 安装
PostgreSQL ptroni的高可用架构图如下所示，本文完成如下架构图中红色标记内的ectd分布式存储的安装和配置。
图片来源于：https://docs.percona.com/postgresql/12/solutions/high-availability.html#architecture-layout
1，服务器环境
Ubuntu08：192.168.152.115Ubuntu09：192.168.152.116Ubuntu10：192.168.152.117 1.1 ectd下载与安装
以下在Ubuntu08，Ubuntu09，Ubuntu10分别安装
下载与解压安装
wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.6.5/etcd-v3.6.5-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar xzvf etcd-v3.6.5-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local
ln -s /usr/local/etcd-v3.6.5-linux-amd64/ /usr/local/etcd
建立软连接
ln -s /usr/local/etcd/etcd /usr/bin/etcd
ln -s /usr/local/etcd/etcdctl /usr/bin/etcdctl
etcd --version
/*
输出：
etcd Version: 3.6.5
Git SHA: a061450
Go Version: go1.24.7
Go OS/Arch: linux/amd64
*/
建立数据文件路径
mkdir -p /var/lib/etcd
mkdir /var/lib/etcd/default.etcd
1.2 etcd 配置文件
Ubuntu08：192.168.152.115节点，路径：/var/lib/etcd/etcd.conf
#etcd名称，自定义
ETCD_NAME="etcd01"
#存放etcd数据的目录，自定义
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default"
#监听URL，用户客户端和SERVER进行通信
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="http://192.168.152.115:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379"
#告知客户端自身的URL，TCP 2379端口用于监听客户端请求
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="http://192.168.152.115:2379"
#监听URL，用于和其他节点通信
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="http://192.168.152.115:2380"
#告知集群其他节点，端口2380用于集群通信
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="http://192.168.152.115:2380"
#定义了集群内所有成员
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=http://192.168.152.115:2380,etcd02=http://192.168.152.116:2380,etcd03=http://192.168.152.117:2380"
#集群ID，唯一标识
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
#集群状态，new为新创建集群，existing为已经存在的集群
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"Ubuntu09：192.168.152.116节点，路径：/var/lib/etcd/etcd.conf
#etcd名称，自定义
ETCD_NAME="etcd02"
#存放etcd数据的目录，自定义
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default"
#监听URL，用户客户端和SERVER进行通信
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="http://192.168.152.116:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379"
#告知客户端自身的URL，TCP 2379端口用于监听客户端请求
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="http://192.168.152.116:2379"
#监听URL，用于和其他节点通信
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="http://192.168.152.116:2380"
#告知集群其他节点，端口2380用于集群通信
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="http://192.168.152.116:2380"
#定义了集群内所有成员
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=http://192.168.152.115:2380,etcd02=http://192.168.152.116:2380,etcd03=http://192.168.152.117:2380"
#集群ID，唯一标识
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
#集群状态，new为新创建集群，existing为已经存在的集群
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"Ubuntu10：192.168.152.117节点，路径：/var/lib/etcd/etcd.conf
#etcd名称，自定义
ETCD_NAME="etcd03"
#存放etcd数据的目录，自定义
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default"
#监听URL，用户客户端和SERVER进行通信
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="http://192.168.152.117:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379"
#告知客户端自身的URL，TCP 2379端口用于监听客户端请求
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="http://192.168.152.117:2379"
#监听URL，用于和其他节点通信
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="http://192.168.152.117:2380"
#告知集群其他节点，端口2380用于集群通信
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="http://192.168.152.117:2380"
#定义了集群内所有成员
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=http://192.168.152.115:2380,etcd02=http://192.168.152.116:2380,etcd03=http://192.168.152.117:2380"
#集群ID，唯一标识
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
#集群状态，new为新创建集群，existing为已经存在的集群
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
1.3 etcd systemctl 服务脚本
三台服务器一样，/etc/systemd/system/ectd.service
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/var/lib/etcd/etcd.conf
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/etcd/
ExecStart=/usr/bin/etcd
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=65536
WantedBy=multi-user.target启动服务
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable etcd
systemctl start etcd
systemctl status etcd
1.4 etcd 环境变量
--添加环境变量
--ETCDCTL_API是有v2和v3两个版本，默认是v2版本，执行命令可能会报错
echo 'export ETCDCTL_API=3' >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile其他
--新增etcd节点，systemd启动服务出现Job for etcd.service failed because a timeout was exceeded错误
--解决办法：出现该问题的原因可能时因为etcd的data-dir中的残留信息导致的，删除data-dir中的内容，重新启动etcd服务
rm -rf /var/lib/etcd/default/
2，检查etcd集群管理
2.1 etcd状态检查
检查集群节点状态：etcdctl endpoint health --cluster -w table列出集群成员：etcdctl member list -w table检查集群节点的健康状态：etcdctl endpoint health --cluster -w table检查集群节点状态
root@ubuntu08:/usr/local# etcdctl endpoint status --cluster -w table
{"level":"warn","ts":"2025-09-22T09:34:53.831953+0800","caller":"flags/flag.go:94","msg":"unrecognized environment variable","environment-variable":"ETCDCTL_API=3"}
+-----------------------------+------------------+---------+-----------------+---------+--------+-----------------------+-------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+--------------------------+-------------------+
| ENDPOINT | ID | VERSION | STORAGE VERSION | DB SIZE | IN USE | PERCENTAGE NOT IN USE | QUOTA | IS LEADER | IS LEARNER | RAFT TERM | RAFT INDEX | RAFT APPLIED INDEX | ERRORS | DOWNGRADE TARGET VERSION | DOWNGRADE ENABLED |
+-----------------------------+------------------+---------+-----------------+---------+--------+-----------------------+-------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+--------------------------+-------------------+
| http://192.168.152.116:2379 | 6eb726f58bd2aa70 | 3.6.5 | 3.6.0 | 20 kB |16 kB | 20% | 0 B | false | false | 2 | 9 | 9 | | | false |
| http://192.168.152.115:2379 | 7158c1b754a1eeba | 3.6.5 | 3.6.0 | 25 kB |16 kB | 34% | 0 B | true | false | 2 | 9 | 9 | | | false |
| http://192.168.152.117:2379 | af96143dba13346f | 3.6.5 | 3.6.0 | 20 kB |16 kB | 20% | 0 B | false | false | 2 | 9 | 9 | | | false |
+-----------------------------+------------------+---------+-----------------+---------+--------+-----------------------+-------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+--------------------------+-------------------+
列出集群成员
root@ubuntu08:/usr/local# etcdctl member list -w table
{"level":"warn","ts":"2025-09-22T09:36:22.799237+0800","caller":"flags/flag.go:94","msg":"unrecognized environment variable","environment-variable":"ETCDCTL_API=3"}
+------------------+---------+--------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+------------+
| ID | STATUS|NAME| PEER ADDRS | CLIENT ADDRS | IS LEARNER |
+------------------+---------+--------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+------------+
| 6eb726f58bd2aa70 | started | etcd02 | http://192.168.152.116:2380 | http://192.168.152.116:2379 | false |
| 7158c1b754a1eeba | started | etcd01 | http://192.168.152.115:2380 | http://192.168.152.115:2379 | false |
| af96143dba13346f | started | etcd03 | http://192.168.152.117:2380 | http://192.168.152.117:2379 | false |
+------------------+---------+--------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+------------+
检查集群节点的健康状态
root@ubuntu08:/usr/local#etcdctl endpoint health --cluster -w table
{"level":"warn","ts":"2025-09-22T09:36:49.159370+0800","caller":"flags/flag.go:94","msg":"unrecognized environment variable","environment-variable":"ETCDCTL_API=3"}
+-----------------------------+--------+------------+-------+
| ENDPOINT | HEALTH | TOOK | ERROR |
+-----------------------------+--------+------------+-------+
| http://192.168.152.115:2379 | true | 4.838419ms | |
| http://192.168.152.117:2379 | true | 7.374066ms | |
| http://192.168.152.116:2379 | true | 7.334373ms | |
+-----------------------------+--------+------------+-------+
2.2 etcd常用命令
etcd常用命令
--截至目前位置ectd中没有用户自定义数据，如下查询是启用了patroni之后才能查到，这里仅做示例
-- 查询所有的key
root@ubuntu08:/usr/local# etcdctl get "" --prefix --keys-only
{"level":"warn","ts":"2025-09-23T09:36:04.000716+0800","caller":"flags/flag.go:94","msg":"unrecognized environment variable","environment-variable":"ETCDCTL_API=3"}
/service/pg_cluster_wy_prod/config
/service/pg_cluster_wy_prod/history
/service/pg_cluster_wy_prod/initialize
/service/pg_cluster_wy_prod/leader
/service/pg_cluster_wy_prod/members/ubuntu09
/service/pg_cluster_wy_prod/status
--删除所有的key
root@ubuntu08:/usr/local# etcdctl del /service/pg_cluster_wy_prod/ --prefix
{"level":"warn","ts":"2025-09-23T09:38:52.248350+0800","caller":"flags/flag.go:94","msg":"unrecognized environment variable","environment-variable":"ETCDCTL_API=3"}
6
2.3 管理etcd
--查看集群节点：etcdctl endpoint status --cluster -w table--转移领导权： etcdctl move-leader 6eb726f58bd2aa70--备份数据库：etcdctl snapshot save etcd_bak.db，默认备份到当前目录
管理etcd
--查看集群节点
root@ubuntu08:/usr/local# etcdctl endpoint status --cluster -w table
{"level":"warn","ts":"2025-09-22T09:52:07.064600+0800","caller":"flags/flag.go:94","msg":"unrecognized environment variable","environment-variable":"ETCDCTL_API=3"}
+-----------------------------+------------------+---------+-----------------+---------+--------+-----------------------+-------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+--------------------------+-------------------+
| ENDPOINT | ID | VERSION | STORAGE VERSION | DB SIZE | IN USE | PERCENTAGE NOT IN USE | QUOTA | IS LEADER | IS LEARNER | RAFT TERM | RAFT INDEX | RAFT APPLIED INDEX | ERRORS | DOWNGRADE TARGET VERSION | DOWNGRADE ENABLED |
+-----------------------------+------------------+---------+-----------------+---------+--------+-----------------------+-------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+--------------------------+-------------------+
| http://192.168.152.116:2379 | 6eb726f58bd2aa70 | 3.6.5 | 3.6.0 | 20 kB |16 kB | 20% | 0 B | false | false | 2 | 12 | 12 | | | false |
| http://192.168.152.115:2379 | 7158c1b754a1eeba | 3.6.5 | 3.6.0 | 25 kB |16 kB | 34% | 0 B | true | false | 2 | 12 | 12 | | | false |
| http://192.168.152.117:2379 | af96143dba13346f | 3.6.5 | 3.6.0 | 20 kB |16 kB | 20% | 0 B | false | false | 2 | 12 | 12 | | | false |
+-----------------------------+------------------+---------+-----------------+---------+--------+-----------------------+-------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+--------------------------+-------------------+
--将领导权转移到192.168.152.116，需要在leader节点(192.168.152.115)上执行以下命令
root@ubuntu08:/usr/local#etcdctl move-leader 6eb726f58bd2aa70
{"level":"warn","ts":"2025-09-22T09:52:52.764611+0800","caller":"flags/flag.go:94","msg":"unrecognized environment variable","environment-variable":"ETCDCTL_API=3"}
Leadership transferred from 7158c1b754a1eeba to 6eb726f58bd2aa70
root@ubuntu08:/usr/local#
--再次查看集群节点
root@ubuntu08:/usr/local# etcdctl endpoint status --cluster -w table
{"level":"warn","ts":"2025-09-22T09:53:25.957168+0800","caller":"flags/flag.go:94","msg":"unrecognized environment variable","environment-variable":"ETCDCTL_API=3"}
+-----------------------------+------------------+---------+-----------------+---------+--------+-----------------------+-------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+--------------------------+-------------------+
| ENDPOINT | ID | VERSION | STORAGE VERSION | DB SIZE | IN USE | PERCENTAGE NOT IN USE | QUOTA | IS LEADER | IS LEARNER | RAFT TERM | RAFT INDEX | RAFT APPLIED INDEX | ERRORS | DOWNGRADE TARGET VERSION | DOWNGRADE ENABLED |
+-----------------------------+------------------+---------+-----------------+---------+--------+-----------------------+-------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+--------------------------+-------------------+
| http://192.168.152.116:2379 | 6eb726f58bd2aa70 | 3.6.5 | 3.6.0 | 20 kB |16 kB | 20% | 0 B | true | false | 3 | 13 | 13 | | | false |
| http://192.168.152.115:2379 | 7158c1b754a1eeba | 3.6.5 | 3.6.0 | 25 kB |16 kB | 34% | 0 B | false | false | 3 | 13 | 13 | | | false |
| http://192.168.152.117:2379 | af96143dba13346f | 3.6.5 | 3.6.0 | 20 kB |16 kB | 20% | 0 B | false | false | 3 | 13 | 13 | | | false |
+-----------------------------+------------------+---------+-----------------+---------+--------+-----------------------+-------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+--------------------------+-------------------+
备份数据库，执行etcdctl snapshot save etcd_bak.db，默认备份到当前目录
root@ubuntu08:/usr/local#etcdctl snapshot save etcd_bak.db
{"level":"warn","ts":"2025-09-22T09:54:51.963842+0800","caller":"flags/flag.go:94","msg":"unrecognized environment variable","environment-variable":"ETCDCTL_API=3"}
{"level":"info","ts":"2025-09-22T09:54:51.971594+0800","caller":"snapshot/v3_snapshot.go:83","msg":"created temporary db file","path":"etcd_bak.db.part"}
{"level":"info","ts":"2025-09-22T09:54:51.973601+0800","logger":"client","caller":"v3@v3.6.5/maintenance.go:236","msg":"opened snapshot stream; downloading"}
{"level":"info","ts":"2025-09-22T09:54:51.975135+0800","caller":"snapshot/v3_snapshot.go:96","msg":"fetching snapshot","endpoint":"127.0.0.1:2379"}
{"level":"info","ts":"2025-09-22T09:54:51.975385+0800","logger":"client","caller":"v3@v3.6.5/maintenance.go:302","msg":"completed snapshot read; closing"}
{"level":"info","ts":"2025-09-22T09:54:51.976335+0800","caller":"snapshot/v3_snapshot.go:111","msg":"fetched snapshot","endpoint":"127.0.0.1:2379","size":"25 kB","took":"4.643252ms","etcd-version":"3.6.0"}
{"level":"info","ts":"2025-09-22T09:54:51.976404+0800","caller":"snapshot/v3_snapshot.go:121","msg":"saved","path":"etcd_bak.db"}
Snapshot saved at etcd_bak.db
Server version 3.6.0
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