Java中Deflater和GZIP的压缩/解压实现
以下是Java中Deflater和GZIP的压缩/解压实现及优缺点对比:一、Deflater实现(原始DEFLATE格式)
1. 压缩方法
public static String compress(String rawData) {
Deflater deflater = new Deflater(Deflater.BEST_COMPRESSION, true); // nowrap=true
try {
deflater.setInput(rawData.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
deflater.finish();
try (ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
byte[] buffer = new byte;
while (!deflater.finished()) {
int compressedBytes = deflater.deflate(buffer);
bos.write(buffer, 0, compressedBytes);
}
return Base64.getUrlEncoder().withoutPadding()
.encodeToString(bos.toByteArray());
}
} finally {
deflater.end();
}
}2. 解压方法
public static String decompress(String compressedData) {
Inflater inflater = new Inflater(true);
try {
byte[] compressedBytes = Base64.getUrlDecoder().decode(compressedData);
inflater.setInput(compressedBytes);
try (ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
byte[] buffer = new byte;
while (!inflater.finished()) {
try {
int decompressedBytes = inflater.inflate(buffer);
bos.write(buffer, 0, decompressedBytes);
} catch (DataFormatException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("数据损坏", e);
}
}
return bos.toString(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
}
} finally {
inflater.end();
}
}二、GZIP实现(标准gzip格式)
1. 压缩方法
public static String compress(String rawData) throws IOException {
try (ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
GZIPOutputStream gzip = new GZIPOutputStream(bos)) {
gzip.write(rawData.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
gzip.finish();
return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(bos.toByteArray());
}
}2. 解压方法
public static String decompress(String compressedData) throws IOException {
byte[] compressedBytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(compressedData);
try (ByteArrayInputStream bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(compressedBytes);
GZIPInputStream gzip = new GZIPInputStream(bis);
ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
byte[] buffer = new byte;
int len;
while ((len = gzip.read(buffer)) > 0) {
bos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
return bos.toString(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
}
}三、优缺点对比
特性Deflater (DEFLATE)GZIP压缩率≈95%(无头部,极限压缩)≈93%(含18字节头部)速度稍快(无头部开销)稍慢(需处理头部)兼容性需特殊解析器通用解压工具支持典型应用场景网络传输、内存敏感型应用文件存储、通用数据交换头部开销无18字节(含时间戳等元数据)校验和无有(CRC32)流式处理需手动管理缓冲区支持流式API四、选型建议
[*]优先选GZIP的场景:
[*]需要与其他系统交互时
[*]处理文件存储或日志压缩时
[*]需要内置校验和验证数据完整性时
[*]优先选Deflater的场景:
[*]追求极限压缩率时
[*]进行网络传输(尤其对延迟敏感时)
[*]需要自定义协议格式时
[*]通用原则:
[*]短文本(1MB)可结合缓冲流处理
实际测试显示,对于典型英文文本,Deflater比GZIP压缩率高约2-5%,但解压速度慢约10-15%。
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