LCD1602 单片机上代码的实现和代码结构的分析
1、单片机引脚和设备引脚之间的通信LCD1602使用并口与单片机进行通信，主要包括D0-D7 8个数据线和3根控制线(RS(指令和数据寄存器的区分)，R/W(读写控制引脚)，E(开始读写引脚，理解为串行总线的时钟线))。设备可以被配置为使用4线或8线数据宽度的数据线通信(实现方式为刚开始的几个配置指令只识别高4位)。下面是51单片机实现的数据通信的代码，代码写的比较low，主要分析代码架构：
database1602.h 基本数据交流的头文件：
#ifndef _DATABASE1602_H
#define _DATABASE1602_H
void delay1ms(void);
void delay(u16 time);
u8 read_status_8(void);
u8 read_data_8(void);
void write_data_8(u8 wdata);
void write_commond_8(u8 commond);
u8 read_status_4(void);
u8 read_data_4(void);
void write_data_4(u8 wdata);
void write_commond_4(u8 commond);
void write_commond_4_4(u8 commond);
#endif对应的.c文件：
#include "config.h"
#include "database1602.h"
/*延时1ms程序*/
void delay1ms(void)
{
u8 i,j;
i = 2;
j = 199;
do
{
while (--j);
} while (--i);
}
/*根据设定的值延迟*/
void delay(u16 time){
while(time--);
}
/*读取LCD1602状态寄存器的值*/
u8 read_status_8(void){
u8 value = 0;
//datap = 0xff;
DATA0 = 1;
DATA1 = 1;
DATA2 = 1;
DATA3 = 1;
DATA4 = 1;
DATA5 = 1;
DATA6 = 1;
DATA7 = 1;
EN = 0;
delay(50);
RS = 0;
RW = 1;
delay(50);
EN = 1;
delay(10);
//value = datap;
if(DATA0 == 1){
value = value | 0x01;
}else{
value = value | 0x00;
}
if(DATA1 == 1){
value = value | 0x02;
}else{
value = value | 0x00;
}
if(DATA2 == 1){
value = value | 0x04;
}else{
value = value | 0x00;
}
if(DATA3 == 1){
value = value | 0x08;
}else{
value = value | 0x00;
}
if(DATA4 == 1){
value = value | 0x10;
}else{
value = value | 0x00;
}
if(DATA5 == 1){
value = value | 0x20;
}else{
value = value | 0x00;
}
if(DATA6 == 1){
value = value | 0x40;
}else{
value = value | 0x00;
}
if(DATA7 == 1){
value = value | 0x80;
}else{
value = value | 0x00;
}
delay(10);
EN = 0;
RS = 0;
RW = 0;
return value;
}
/*读取数据寄存器的值*/
u8 read_data_8(void){
u8 rdata = 0;
//datap = 0xff;
DATA0 = 1;
DATA1 = 1;
DATA2 = 1;
DATA3 = 1;
DATA4 = 1;
DATA5 = 1;
DATA6 = 1;
DATA7 = 1;
EN = 0;
delay(50);
RS = 1;
RW = 1;
delay(50);
EN = 1;
delay(10);
//rdata = datap;
if(DATA0 == 1){
rdata = rdata | 0x01;
}else{
rdata = rdata | 0x00;
}
if(DATA1 == 1){
rdata = rdata | 0x02;
}else{
rdata = rdata | 0x00;
}
if(DATA2 == 1){
rdata = rdata | 0x04;
}else{
rdata = rdata | 0x00;
}
if(DATA3 == 1){
rdata = rdata | 0x08;
}else{
rdata = rdata | 0x00;
}
if(DATA4 == 1){
rdata = rdata | 0x10;
}else{
rdata = rdata | 0x00;
}
if(DATA5 == 1){
rdata = rdata | 0x20;
}else{
rdata = rdata | 0x00;
}
if(DATA6 == 1){
rdata = rdata | 0x40;
}else{
rdata = rdata | 0x00;
}
if(DATA7 == 1){
rdata = rdata | 0x80;
}else{
rdata = rdata | 0x00;
}
//rdata = P0;
delay(10);
EN = 0;
RS = 0;
RW = 0;
return rdata;
}
/*写数据到数据寄存器*/
void write_data_8(u8 wdata){
u8 value = wdata;
EN = 0;
delay(50);
RS = 1;
RW = 0;
delay(50);
EN = 1;
delay(50);
//datap = value;
if(value & 0x01){
DATA0 = 1;
}else{
DATA0 = 0;
}
if((value >> 1) & 0x01){
DATA1 = 1;
}else{
DATA1 = 0;
}
if((value >> 2) & 0x01){
DATA2 = 1;
}else{
DATA2 = 0;
}
if((value >> 3) & 0x01){
DATA3 = 1;
}else{
DATA3 = 0;
}
if((value >> 4) & 0x01){
DATA4 = 1;
}else{
DATA4 = 0;
}
if((value >> 5) & 0x01){
DATA5 = 1;
}else{
DATA5 = 0;
}
if((value >> 6) & 0x01){
DATA6 = 1;
}else{
DATA6 = 0;
}
if((value >> 7) & 0x01){
DATA7 = 1;
}else{
DATA7 = 0;
}
//P0 = value;
delay(50);
EN = 0;
RS = 0;
RW = 0;
}
/*写命令到命令寄存器*/
void write_commond_8(u8 commond){
u8 value = commond;
EN = 0;
delay(50);
RS = 0;
RW = 0;
delay(50);
EN = 1;
delay(50);
//datap = value;
if(value & 0x01){
DATA0 = 1;
}else{
DATA0 = 0;
}
if((value >> 1) & 0x01){
DATA1 = 1;
}else{
DATA1 = 0;
}
if((value >> 2) & 0x01){
DATA2 = 1;
}else{
DATA2 = 0;
}
if((value >> 3) & 0x01){
DATA3 = 1;
}else{
DATA3 = 0;
}
if((value >> 4) & 0x01){
DATA4 = 1;
}else{
DATA4 = 0;
}
if((value >> 5) & 0x01){
DATA5 = 1;
}else{
DATA5 = 0;
}
if((value >> 6) & 0x01){
DATA6 = 1;
}else{
DATA6 = 0;
}
if((value >> 7) & 0x01){
DATA7 = 1;
}else{
DATA7 = 0;
}
//P0 = value;
delay(50);
EN = 0;
RS = 0;
RW = 0;
}
/*读取LCD1602状态寄存器的值*/
u8 read_status_4(void){
u8 value = 0;
//datap = 0xff;
DATA4 = 1;
DATA5 = 1;
DATA6 = 1;
DATA7 = 1;
EN = 0;
delay(50);
RS = 0;
RW = 1;
delay(50);
EN = 1;
delay(10);
//value = datap;
if(DATA4 == 1){
value = value | 0x10;
}else{
value = value | 0x00;
}
if(DATA5 == 1){
value = value | 0x20;
}else{
value = value | 0x00;
}
if(DATA6 == 1){
value = value | 0x40;
}else{
value = value | 0x00;
}
if(DATA7 == 1){
value = value | 0x80;
}else{
value = value | 0x00;
}
delay(10);
EN = 0;
delay(10);
EN = 1;
delay(10);
if(DATA4 == 1){
value = value | 0x01;
}else{
value = value | 0x00;
}
if(DATA5 == 1){
value = value | 0x02;
}else{
value = value | 0x00;
}
if(DATA6 == 1){
value = value | 0x04;
}else{
value = value | 0x00;
}
if(DATA7 == 1){
value = value | 0x08;
}else{
value = value | 0x00;
}
delay(10);
EN = 0;
RS = 0;
RW = 0;
return value;
}
/*读取数据寄存器的值*/
u8 read_data_4(void){
u8 rdata = 0;
//datap = 0xff;
DATA4 = 1;
DATA5 = 1;
DATA6 = 1;
DATA7 = 1;
EN = 0;
delay(50);
RS = 1;
RW = 1;
delay(50);
EN = 1;
delay(10);
if(DATA4 == 1){
rdata = rdata | 0x10;
}else{
rdata = rdata | 0x00;
}
if(DATA5 == 1){
rdata = rdata | 0x20;
}else{
rdata = rdata | 0x00;
}
if(DATA6 == 1){
rdata = rdata | 0x40;
}else{
rdata = rdata | 0x00;
}
if(DATA7 == 1){
rdata = rdata | 0x80;
}else{
rdata = rdata | 0x00;
}
delay(10);
EN = 0;
delay(10);
EN = 1;
delay(10);
if(DATA4 == 1){
rdata = rdata | 0x01;
}else{
rdata = rdata | 0x00;
}
if(DATA5 == 1){
rdata = rdata | 0x02;
}else{
rdata = rdata | 0x00;
}
if(DATA6 == 1){
rdata = rdata | 0x04;
}else{
rdata = rdata | 0x00;
}
if(DATA7 == 1){
rdata = rdata | 0x08;
}else{
rdata = rdata | 0x00;
}
delay(10);
EN = 0;
RS = 0;
RW = 0;
return rdata;
}
/*写数据到数据寄存器*/
void write_data_4(u8 wdata){
u8 value = wdata;
EN = 0;
delay(50);
RS = 1;
RW = 0;
delay(50);
EN = 1;
delay(50);
if((value >> 4) & 0x01){
DATA4 = 1;
}else{
DATA4 = 0;
}
if((value >> 5) & 0x01){
DATA5 = 1;
}else{
DATA5 = 0;
}
if((value >> 6) & 0x01){
DATA6 = 1;
}else{
DATA6 = 0;
}
if((value >> 7) & 0x01){
DATA7 = 1;
}else{
DATA7 = 0;
}
delay(50);
EN = 0;
delay(50);
EN = 1;
delay(50);
if(value & 0x01){
DATA4 = 1;
}else{
DATA4 = 0;
}
if((value >> 1) & 0x01){
DATA5 = 1;
}else{
DATA5 = 0;
}
if((value >> 2) & 0x01){
DATA6 = 1;
}else{
DATA6 = 0;
}
if((value >> 3) & 0x01){
DATA7 = 1;
}else{
DATA7 = 0;
}
delay(50);
EN = 0;
RS = 0;
RW = 0;
}
/*写命令到命令寄存器*/
void write_commond_4(u8 commond){
u8 value = commond;
EN = 0;
delay(50);
RS = 0;
RW = 0;
delay(50);
EN = 1;
delay(50);
if((value >> 4) & 0x01){
DATA4 = 1;
}else{
DATA4 = 0;
}
if((value >> 5) & 0x01){
DATA5 = 1;
}else{
DATA5 = 0;
}
if((value >> 6) & 0x01){
DATA6 = 1;
}else{
DATA6 = 0;
}
if((value >> 7) & 0x01){
DATA7 = 1;
}else{
DATA7 = 0;
}
delay(50);
EN = 0;
delay(50);
EN = 1;
delay(50);
if(value & 0x01){
DATA4 = 1;
}else{
DATA4= 0;
}
if((value >> 1) & 0x01){
DATA5 = 1;
}else{
DATA5 = 0;
}
if((value >> 2) & 0x01){
DATA6 = 1;
}else{
DATA6 = 0;
}
if((value >> 3) & 0x01){
DATA7 = 1;
}else{
DATA7 = 0;
}
delay(50);
EN = 0;
RS = 0;
RW = 0;
}
void write_commond_4_4(u8 commond){
u8 value = commond;
EN = 0;
delay(50);
RS = 0;
RW = 0;
delay(50);
EN = 1;
delay(50);
if((value >> 4) & 0x01){
DATA4 = 1;
}else{
DATA4 = 0;
}
if((value >> 5) & 0x01){
DATA5 = 1;
}else{
DATA5 = 0;
}
if((value >> 6) & 0x01){
DATA6 = 1;
}else{
DATA6 = 0;
}
if((value >> 7) & 0x01){
DATA7 = 1;
}else{
DATA7 = 0;
}
delay(50);
EN = 0;
RS = 0;
RW = 0;
}2、通过基础数据通信对设备的操作代码，相当于通过基础的交流进行更上一层的交互，这里主要包括怎么样初始化设备，怎么样配置设备，和对设备的操作(设备实现的功能)。
下面是设备操作的代码：
driver1602.h是关于设备内部寄存器和控制位的声明(这里写的不是很好，后续再进一步改进)：
#ifndef _DRIVER1602_H#define _DRIVER1602_H#include "config.h"#define CLEAR_DISPLAY 0x01 #define RETURN_HOME 0x02 #define STATUS_BF_BUSY 0x80#define STATUS_BF_READY 0x00/*** 接口数据宽度定义，4位和8位宽两种*/#define interface_data_width_4 (0 cursor_blink; write_commond_status(tmp); }else if(onoff == display_on){ lcd->display_on_off = display_on; tmp = 0x0c | lcd->cursor_on_off | lcd->cursor_blink; write_commond_status(tmp); }else{ return -1; } return 0;}/***设置显示的光标是否打开*/s8 lcd1602_set_cursor_on_off(LCD1602_initTypeDef *lcd,u8 onoff){ u8 tmp = 0; if(onoff == cursor_off){ lcd->cursor_on_off = cursor_off; tmp = 0x08 | lcd->display_on_off | lcd->cursor_blink; write_commond_status(tmp); }else if(onoff == cursor_on){ lcd->cursor_on_off = cursor_on; tmp = 0x0a | lcd->display_on_off | lcd->cursor_blink; write_commond_status(tmp); }else{ return -1; } return 0;}/***设置显示的光标是否闪烁*/s8 lcd1602_set_cursor_blink(LCD1602_initTypeDef *lcd,u8 onoff){ u8 tmp = 0; if(onoff == cursor_character_blink_off){ lcd->cursor_blink = cursor_character_blink_off; tmp = 0x08 | lcd->display_on_off | lcd->cursor_on_off; write_commond_status(tmp); }else if(onoff == cursor_character_blink_on){ lcd->cursor_blink = cursor_character_blink_on; tmp = 0x09 | lcd->display_on_off | lcd->cursor_on_off; write_commond_status(tmp); }else{ return -1; } return 0;}/***设置改变DDRAM内容时光标和显示的移动*/s8 lcd1602_set_change_ddram_cursor_display(LCD1602_initTypeDef *lcd,u8 cursor_display,u8 direction){ u8 tmp = 0; if(cursor_display == ddram_move_cursor){ lcd->ddram_cursor_display_move = ddram_move_cursor; }else if(cursor_display == ddram_move_display){ lcd->ddram_cursor_display_move = ddram_move_display; }else{ return -1; } if(direction == ddram_move_direction_left){ lcd->ddram_sc_move_driection = ddram_move_direction_left; }else if(direction == ddram_move_direction_right){ lcd->ddram_sc_move_driection = ddram_move_direction_right; }else{ return -1; } tmp = 0x10 | lcd->ddram_sc_move_driection | lcd->ddram_cursor_display_move; write_commond_status(tmp); return 0;}/***设置字体格式*/s8 lcd1602_set_font(LCD1602_initTypeDef *lcd,u8 font){ u8 tmp = 0; if(font == font_mode_5_8){ lcd->display_font = font_mode_5_8; tmp = 0x30 | lcd->display_lines; write_commond_status(tmp); }else if(font == font_mode_5_10){ lcd->display_font = font_mode_5_10; tmp = 0x34 | lcd->display_lines; write_commond_status(tmp); }else{ return -1; } return 0;}/*读取默认位置的数据，当前数据指针所指数据*/u8 read_data_current(void){ u8 cur = 0; u8 value; if(width == interface_data_width_8){ cur = read_status_8(); }else{ cur = read_status_4(); } cur = cur & 0x7f; cur = cur | 0x80; value = read_data_local(cur); return value;}/*读取指定位置的字符*/u8 read_data_local(u8 addr){ u8 value; write_commond_status(addr|0x80); if(width == interface_data_width_8){ value = read_data_8(); }else{ value = read_data_4(); } return value;}/*从指定位置，读取指定长度的字符串*/void read_string(u8 addr,u8 len,u8 *val){ u8 i = 0; write_commond_status(addr|0x80); for(i=0;i 7){ return -1; } write_commond_status(CGRAM_ADDRESS_SET_BASE| (local3){ return -1; } write_commond_status(CGRAM_ADDRESS_SET_BASE| (localDDRAM_PER_LINE_SIZE){ len = DDRAM_PER_LINE_SIZE - local; } write_commond_status(DDRAM_ADDRESS_SECOND_LINE + local); while(len > 0){ write_data_status(*str); str++; len--; } return 0;}/*根据行号判断写入第一行还是第二行，写入字符串*/s8 write_string(u8 local,u8 line,u8 *str){ if(line == 1){ write_first_line_string(local,str); }else if(line == 2){ write_second_line_string(local,str); }else{ return -1; } return 0;}/*清除特定位置的字符并保持原来地址计数器的位置不变*/s8 clear_char(u8 local,u8 line){ u8 curlocation = read_counter(); if(local > DDRAM_PER_LINE_SIZE){ return -1; } if(line == 1){ write_commond_status(DDRAM_ADDRESS_FIRST_LINE + local); }else if(line == 2){ write_commond_status(DDRAM_ADDRESS_SECOND_LINE + local); }else{ return -2; } write_data_status(0x20); write_commond_status(curlocation|0x80); return 0;}/*清除一行，一行的40个字符全部清除*/s8 clear_line(u8 line){ u8 i = 0; if(line == 1){ write_commond_status(DDRAM_ADDRESS_FIRST_LINE); }else if(line == 2){ write_commond_status(DDRAM_ADDRESS_SECOND_LINE); }else{ return -1; } for(i = 0;i DDRAM_PER_LINE_SIZE){ return -1; } if((s + length) > DDRAM_PER_LINE_SIZE){ length = DDRAM_PER_LINE_SIZE - s; } if(line == 1){ write_commond_status(DDRAM_ADDRESS_FIRST_LINE + s); }else if(line == 2){ write_commond_status(DDRAM_ADDRESS_SECOND_LINE + s); }else{ return -2; } for(i = 0;i DDRAM_PER_LINE_SIZE){ return -1; } if(line == 1){ write_commond_status(DDRAM_ADDRESS_FIRST_LINE + s); }else if(line == 2){ write_commond_status(DDRAM_ADDRESS_SECOND_LINE + s); }else{ return -2; } write_data_status(value); write_commond_status(curlocation|0x80); return 0;}/*替换特定位置的几个字符*/s8 replace_string(u8 local,u8 line,u8 *str){ u8 s = local; u8 i = 0; u8 curlocation = read_counter(); u8 len = strlen(str); if(local > DDRAM_PER_LINE_SIZE){ return -1; } if(line == 1){ write_commond_status(DDRAM_ADDRESS_FIRST_LINE + s); }else if(line == 2){ write_commond_status(DDRAM_ADDRESS_SECOND_LINE + s); }else{ return -2; } if((s + len) > DDRAM_PER_LINE_SIZE){ len = DDRAM_PER_LINE_SIZE - s; } while(len > 0){ write_data_status(*str); str++; len--; } write_commond_status(curlocation|0x80); return 0;}/*从开始位置显示一整段字符到可显示的位置*/void displaystring(u8 *str){ u8 length = strlen(str); if(length
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