java使用maven-shade-plugin打包
最近正在练习Flink JAVA编程，但是发现打包后老大的问题。环境说明：
[*]jdk17
[*]springboot 3.4.6
[*]flink 1.20.0
一、问题发现和解决
在pom.xml的依赖部分，和flink有关的内容如下：
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
flink-core</artifactId>
<version>${flink.version}</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
slf4j-api</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
flink-streaming-java</artifactId>
<version>${flink.version}</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
slf4j-api</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
flink-table-api-java</artifactId>
<version>${flink.version}</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
slf4j-api</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
flink-table-api-java-bridge</artifactId>
<version>${flink.version}</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
slf4j-api</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
flink-table-planner-loader</artifactId>
<version>${flink.version}</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
slf4j-api</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
flink-table-runtime</artifactId>
<version>${flink.version}</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
slf4j-api</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
flink-connector-files</artifactId>
<version>${flink.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
flink-csv</artifactId>
<version>${flink.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
flink-connector-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${flink-connector.jdbc.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
flink-clients</artifactId>
<version>${flink.version}</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
slf4j-api</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
一开始用的是spring-boot-maven-plugin进行打包，但是总会提示某些类找不到。
事实是有关的jar都打入了，但就是无法找到。主要的原因是SPI无法找到（在META-INF/services/下无法找到对应的spi定义）
折腾了一会，发现无法搞定。
后来发现可以使用maven-shade-plugin解决这个问题。
注：SPI即Service Provider Interface，中文称为服务供应商接口
参考地址：https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/11/docs/api/java.base/java/util/ServiceLoader.html
打包配置如下：
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.13.0</version>
<configuration>
<source>${java.version}</source>
<target>${java.version}</target>
<encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding>
<parameters>true</parameters>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.6.0</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>shade</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<excludes>
<exclude>com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305</exclude>
</excludes>
</artifactSet>
<filters>
<filter>
*:*</artifact>
<excludes>
<exclude>META-INF/*.SF</exclude>
<exclude>META-INF/*.DSA</exclude>
<exclude>META-INF/*.RSA</exclude>
</excludes>
</filter>
</filters>
<transformers>
<transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
<mainClass>org.lzfto.flink.demo.DemoApplication</mainClass>
</transformer>
<transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ServicesResourceTransformer"/>
</transformers>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources/</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.js</include>
<include>**/*.css</include>
<include>**/*.yml</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
<include>**/*.txt</include>
<include>**/*.png</include>
<include>**/*.jpeg</include>
<include>**/*.jpg</include>
<include>**/*.svg</include>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.Factory</include>
<include>**/*.json</include>
<include>META-INF/services/*.Factory</include>
</includes>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>libs</directory>
<targetPath>/BOOT-INF/lib/</targetPath>
<includes>
<include>**/*.jar</include>
</includes>
</resource>
</resources>
<finalName>lzfto-${lzfto.flinktest.version}</finalName>
</build>
Shade插件使用ServicesResourceTransformer解决SPI加载问题。
二、比较Shade和Springboot
为了便于行文，以Shade表示maven-shade-plugin,以Springboot表示spring-boot-maven-plugin
也就是说一般情况下，使用maven-shade-plugin比使用spring-boot-maven-plugin更好一些，好处有两点：
1.很容易解决SPI问题。也许spring-boot-maven-plugin可以通过自定义LayOut解决SPI问题
2.Shade打好的包加载速度更快，看下图（用rar打开后的看到的文件结构),并没有Springboot那样把库都放在BOOT-INF/libs，而是完全展开的class
当然，springboot也并非没有优势，使用较高版本的springboot，有一些额外的配置（看个人需要），例如（部分特新示例)：
参考：https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/maven-plugin/build-info.html
<project>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
build-info</artifactId>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<executions>
<execution>
<goals>
<goal>build-info</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<encoding.source>UTF-8</encoding.source>
<encoding.reporting>UTF-8</encoding.reporting>
<java.version>${java.version}</java.version>
</additionalProperties>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
大部分情况下，二者都需要maven-compiler-plugin解决某些问题，例如：
[*]指定编译参数，如-parameters保留方法参数名、-Xlint启用警告检查等
[*]指定编译版本和代码编码
[*]处理模块系统
有关编译器插件的内容参见：https://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-compiler-plugin/
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